1. Insimbi engagqwali ayigqwali, futhi ikhiqiza i-oxide ebusweni.

Indlela engagqwali yazo zonke izinsimbi ezingenasici okwamanje emakethe kungenxa yobukhona buka-Cr.Isizathu esibalulekile sokumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali ithiyori yefilimu engenzi lutho.Ifilimu ebizwa ngokuthi i-passivation ifilimu elincanyana elakhiwe ikakhulukazi i-Cr2O3 phezu kwensimbi engagqwali.Ngenxa yobukhona bale filimu, ukugqwala kwe-substrate yensimbi engagqwali emithonjeni ehlukahlukene kuyavinjelwa, futhi lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-passivation.

Kunezimo ezimbili zokwakhiwa kwalolu hlobo lwefilimu ye-passivation.Enye ukuthi insimbi engagqwali ngokwayo inekhono lokuzibamba.Leli khono lokuzivumela liyakhula ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium, ngakho linokumelana nokugqwala;Esinye Isimo sokwakheka esibanzi ukuthi insimbi engagqwali yakha ifilimu ye- passive in the process of corrod in an aqueous solutions (ama-electrolyte) ukuze ivimbele ukugqwala.Uma ifilimu ye-passivation yonakele, ifilimu entsha ye-passivation ingakhiwa ngokushesha.

Ifilimu ye-stainless steel passivation inamandla okumelana nokugqwala, kunezici ezintathu: okokuqala, ubukhulu befilimu ye-passivation buncane kakhulu, ngokuvamile kuphela ama-microns ambalwa ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqukethwe kwe-chromium> 10.5%;okwesibili amandla adonsela phansi athile efilimu ye-passivation Inkulu kune-gravity ethize ye-substrate;lezi zici ezimbili zibonisa ukuthi ifilimu ye-passivation incane futhi iminyene, ngakho-ke, ifilimu ye-passivation inzima ukungenwa yi-corrosive medium ukuze idle ngokushesha i-substrate;isici sesithathu isilinganiso sokuhlushwa kwe-chromium yefilimu ye-passivation I-substrate ingaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu;ngakho-ke, ifilimu ye-passivation inokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu.

2. Insimbi engagqwali nayo izogqwala ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

Indawo yokusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi ifilimu ehlanzekile ye-chromium oxide passivation ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwengeza izakhi ezifana ne-molybdenum (Mo), ithusi (Cu), i-nitrogen (N), njll. ensimbi ngokuvumelana nezimo ezihlukene zokusetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwefilimu ye-passivation kanye nokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala. insimbi engagqwali.Ukwengeza i-Mo, ngenxa yokuthi umkhiqizo wokugqwala i-MoO2- useduze ne-substrate, ukhuthaza ngokuqinile ukuguqulwa okuhlangene futhi uvimbela ukugqwala kwe-substrate;ukungezwa kwe-Cu kwenza ifilimu ye-passive ebusweni bensimbi engagqwali iqukethe i-CuCl, ethuthukisiwe ngoba ayihlanganisi ne-corrosive medium.Ukumelana nokugqwala;ukwengeza i-N, ngenxa yokuthi ifilimu ye-passivation inothiswe nge-Cr2N, ukugxila kwe-Cr kufilimu ye-passivation kuyanda, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali.

Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali kunemibandela.Uhlobo lwensimbi engagqwali luyakwazi ukumelana nokugqwala endaweni ethile, kodwa lungalimala kwenye indawo.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali nakho kuhlobene.Kuze kube manje, ayikho insimbi engagqwali engagqwali nhlobo kuzo zonke izindawo.

3. Isenzo sokuzwela.

Insimbi engagqwali iqukethe i-Cr futhi yakha ifilimu ye-chromium oxide ngaphezulu, elahlekelwa umsebenzi wamakhemikhali futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-passivated state.Kodwa-ke, uma isistimu ye-austenitic idlula ebangeni lokushisa elingu-475~850℃, i-C izohlangana ne-Cr ukuze yakhe i-chromium carbide (Cr23C6) bese ishona kukristalu.Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwe-Cr eduze nomngcele wokusanhlamvu kuncishiswe kakhulu, kuba yisifunda esimpofu kakhulu.Ngalesi sikhathi, ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kuzoncipha, futhi kuzwela kakhulu ezindaweni ezigqwalile, ngakho kubizwa ngokuthi ukuzwela.Ukuzwela kungenzeka ukuthi kugqwale endaweni esetshenziswayo ye-oxidizing acid.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindawo ezithinteke ekushiseni okushisela kanye nezindawo zokucubungula ukugoba okushisayo.

4. Ngakho insimbi engagqwali iyogqwala ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo?

Eqinisweni, insimbi engagqwali ayinayo ngempela ukugqwala, kodwa izinga layo lokugqwala liphansi kakhulu kunezinye izinsimbi ngaphansi kwendawo efanayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi lingashaywa indiva.