Izinga le-welding lihlobene ngokuqondile nokuphepha nokuzinza komkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke ukuze siqinisekise ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo eshiselwe, yiziphi izinkinga okufanele sizinake?

Okokuqala, ukujiya kwepayipi lensimbi. Ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwenqubo yamapayipi ensimbi ashiselwe, ubukhulu bepayipi yensimbi iyipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezizathu zokukhiqiza nokucubungula, kungase kube nokuphambuka okuthile ebugqileni bepayipi lensimbi. Lezi zindinganiso zicacisa imingcele efana nobukhulu, ukujiya, isisindo, nokubekezelela amapayipi ensimbi ashiselwe ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwamapayipi ensimbi. Ukuchezuka ebugqileni bamapayipi ensimbi ashiselwe kungase kuthinte izinga nokuphepha kwamapayipi ensimbi. Uma ukuphambuka kokuqina kwepayipi yensimbi kukhulu kakhulu, umthamo othwala umthwalo wepayipi wensimbi ungancishiswa, ngaleyo ndlela uthinte ukuphepha nokuzinza komkhiqizo. Ukulawula ukuchezuka kokuqina kwamapayipi ensimbi ashiselwe, izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ngokuvamile zibeka izindinganiso zokuchezuka okuvumelekile kobukhulu bamapayipi ensimbi ashiselwe. Ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, kudinga ukulawulwa futhi kulawulwe ngokuqinile ngezindinganiso zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwamapayipi ensimbi. Lawula ngokuqinile ukushuba kwamapayipi ensimbi. Amapayipi ensimbi okucaciswa okufanayo anokubekezela kokuqina kwe-±5%. Silawula ngokuqinile ikhwalithi yepayipi ngalinye lensimbi. Senza ukuhlola ukushuba kulo lonke iqoqo lamapayipi ensimbi ukuvimbela imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi ukuthi ingangeni emakethe, sivikele amalungelo nezintshisakalo zabathengi, futhi siqinisekise ukuphepha nokwethembeka kwepayipi ngalinye lensimbi.

Okwesibili, i-nozzle. Enqubweni yokushisela ipayipi yensimbi, enye into ebalulekile ukwelashwa kwe-nozzle yepayipi yensimbi. Ukuthi kufanelekile yini ukushisela kuzothinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo oshiselwe. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukugcina umlomo wepayipi lensimbi ungenawo ukugqwala okuntantayo, ukungcola, namafutha. Lezi mfucumfucu zithinta kakhulu izinga lokushisela, okubangela ukungalingani nokuphuka kwe-weld ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, futhi kuthinte ngisho nomkhiqizo wonke ohlanganisiwe. I-Smooth cross-section nayo iyindaba ebalulekile okufanele yenziwe ngaphambi kokushisela. Uma i-angle ye-cross-section inclination angle inkulu kakhulu, i-butt welding yepayipi yensimbi izogoba futhi i-engeli izovela, okuzothinta ukusetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi se-welding, kufanele futhi uhlole ama-burrs nezinamathiselo ekuqhekekeni kwepayipi yensimbi, ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuthungatha ngeke kwenzeke. Ama-Burrs kumapayipi ensimbi angase aklwebhe abasebenzi futhi alimaze izingubo zabo ngesikhathi sokucubungula, okuthinta kakhulu ukuphepha. Uma kucatshangelwa izinkinga zomsebenzisi zokushisela, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula umlomo wombhobho bungeziwe enqubweni yokuqinisekisa ukuthi isixhumi esibonakalayo se-nozzle sibushelelezi, siyisicaba, futhi asina-burr. Ngesikhathi sokushisela, asikho isidingo sokuphinda usike i-nozzle, okwenza kube lula kubasebenzisi ukuthi bashise i-butt ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke. Ukuqaliswa kwalolu hlelo akukwazi nje ukunciphisa imfucuza yezinto ezilahlwayo esasivame ukuzibona ngesikhathi sokushisela, kodwa futhi kwandise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwe-welding, futhi kuthuthukise nakakhulu izinga lokushisela lomkhiqizo.

Okwesithathu, ukushiselwa kwamapayipi ensimbi ashiselwe kubhekiselwa kuma-welds akhiwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela yamapayipi ensimbi. Ikhwalithi yensimbi yepayipi welds ithinta ngqo ukusebenza nokuphepha kwamapayipi ensimbi. Uma kukhona iziphambeko ku-weld yepayipi yensimbi, njengama-pores, ukufakwa kwe-slag, ukuqhekeka, njll., kuzothinta amandla nokubekwa uphawu kwepayipi lensimbi, okubangela izinkinga ezifana namaphuzu okuvuza kanye nokuphuka kwepayipi yensimbi ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela. , ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte izinga nokuphepha komkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwamapayipi ensimbi, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile nokuhlolwa kwamapayipi ensimbi kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwamapayipi ensimbi. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokushisela, sengeza ngokukhethekile okokuhlonza i-turbine welding emgqeni wokukhiqiza ukuze sithole isimo sokushisela sepayipi ngalinye lensimbi. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, uma izinkinga zokushisela zenzeka, sizobiza amaphoyisa ngokushesha ukuze avimbele imikhiqizo eyinkinga ukuthi ingangenisi ezweni, kuphakheji yomkhiqizo ophelile. Ukuhlola okungacekeleki phansi, ukuhlaziya i-metallographic, ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo zemishini, njll. kwenziwa eqoqweni ngalinye lamapayipi ensimbi athunyelwa esuka efektri ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amakhasimende asezansi nomfula awahlushwa ukusebenza komkhiqizo okungazinzile kanye nenqubekela phambili ehamba kancane emsebenzini wokushisela ngenxa yezinkinga zamapayipi ensimbi phakathi nesikhathi. ukucubungula imisebenzi.