Ukushiselakuyinqubo yokuhlanganisa izingcezu ezimbili zensimbi njengomphumela wokusabalalisa okuphawulekayo kwama-athomu ezicucu ezishiselwe endaweni ehlangene (weld).Ukushisela kwenziwa ngokushisa izingcezu ezihlanganisiwe zibe iphuzu lokuncibilika futhi zihlanganiswe ndawonye (noma ngaphandle kokugcwalisa. impahla) noma ngokucindezela izingcezu esimweni esibandayo noma esishisayo. Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwenqubo yokushisela:

1.Root welding

Inhloso yokushisela amapayipi amabanga amade ukusebenzisa izici zokushisela ezinkulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okuncane kwempahla yokushisela ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe nokonga izindleko, futhi abashiseli abaningi basasebenzisa amapayipi esintu anezikhala ezinkulu namabhulukwe amancane ukushisela konke. . Akuyona isayensi futhi akunangqondo ukusebenzisa ipharamitha yonqenqema njengendlela yokushisela eya phansi yepayipi. Imingcele enjalo yomlingani ayigcini nje ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa okungadingekile kwe-welding consumables, kodwa futhi yandisa amathuba okuba nokukhubazeka kwe-welding njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwe-welding consumables kukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungiswa kwezinkinga zezimpande kunzima kakhulu kunokukhubazeka okwenziwe ekugcwaliseni isembozo, ngakho-ke ukukhethwa kwemingcele ye-welding yezimpande kubaluleke kakhulu, igebe elijwayelekile liphakathi kuka-1.2-1.6mm, kanti umkhawulo ongenalutho uphakathi kuka-1.5- 2.0mm.

Lapho wenza i-root welding, i-electrode iyadingeka ukwenza i-angle yama-degree angama-90 nge-axis yepayipi futhi ikhombe ku-axis. Indlela efanele ye-electrode posture iyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwengemuva le-weld yezimpande, ikakhulukazi ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ubuhlalu be-weld butholakala phakathi nendawo ye-weld futhi iqedwe Bite futhi uhlangothi olulodwa alungenanga ngokugcwele. Lapho i-engeli ye-longitudinal ye-electrode ilungiswa, amandla okungena e-electrode angashintshwa. Njengoba ngokuvamile kungenakwenzeka ukuthola igebe legroove elifana ngokuphelele kanye nonqenqema olubuthuntu, umshiseli kufanele adingeke ukuthi alungise i-arc ngokulungisa i-engeli yobude be-electrode. Amandla okungena ukuze azivumelanise ne-groove ehlangene kanye nesimo sokushisela. I-electrode kufanele igcinwe phakathi nendawo yokuhlangana, ngaphandle uma i-arc ishaya. I-welder ingakwazi ukuqeda ukushaywa kwe-arc ngokulungisa i-angle phakathi kwe-electrode kanye ne-axis yepayipi futhi igcine i-arc ifushane, ngaphandle kwalokho ingaphakathi le-groove elihlangothini olulodwa lapho i-arc ishaya khona izoluma ngaphakathi, kanti olunye uhlangothi ngeke. kungene ngokugcwele.

Ukuze ulawule i-weld bead pool encibilikisiwe, ukuze uthole i-root weld bead eyakhiwe kahle, gcina okuncane ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela impande. Ichibi elincibilikisiwe elibonakalayo liyisihluthulelo. Uma ichibi elincibilikisiwe liba likhulu kakhulu, lizobangela ngokushesha i-Internal Bite noma lishise. Ngokuvamile, ubukhulu bechibi elincibilikisiwe buyi-3.2mm ubude. Uma kutholakala ushintsho oluncane kusayizi wechibi elincibilikisiwe, kuyadingeka ukulungisa ngokushesha i-electrode angle, izinyathelo zamanje kanye nezinye ukuze kugcinwe usayizi ofanele wechibi elincibilikisiwe.

Shintsha ezinye izici ezinomthelela ukuze uqede amaphutha

Ukuhlanza izimpande zokushisela izimpande kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokushisela izimpande kuyo yonke i-weld. Iphuzu eliyinhloko lokuhlanza izimpande ze-welding ukusula ubuhlalu be-convex weld kanye nomzila wesitimela. Uma ukuhlanzwa kwezimpande kudlulele, kuzokwenza ukuthi ukushiswa kwezimpande kube mncane kakhulu, okulula ngesikhathi sokushiswa okushisayo. Uma ukushiswa kwenzeka futhi ukuhlanzwa kunganele, ukufakwa kwe-slag kanye nama-pores kungenzeka kwenzeke. Ukuhlanza impande, sebenzisa isondo lokugaya eliwugqinsi elingu-4.0mm. Abashiseli bethu ngokuvamile bathanda ukusebenzisa ama-disc okusika angu-1.5 noma angu-2.0mm njengamathuluzi okususa i-slag yokushisela, kodwa ama-disc okusika angu-1.5 noma angu-2.0mm avame ukuthambekela emigodini ejulile, okuzoholela ekuhlanganisweni okungaphelele noma ukufakwa kwe-slag enqubweni yokushisela elandelayo, okuholela ekutheni ukusebenza kabusha, Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulahlekelwa kwe-slag kanye nokusebenza kahle kokususwa kwe-slag kwama-disc okusika angu-1.5 noma angu-2.0mm awalungile njengamadiski okugaya amise okwe-4.0mm. Ngezidingo zokususwa, izintambo zikaloliwe kufanele zisuswe, futhi ingemuva lezinhlanzi kufanele lilungiswe ukuze licishe libe sicaba noma libe umgede kancane.

2.Hot welding

Ukushisela okushisayo kungenziwa kuphela ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuhlanza izimpande ze-welding ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi, ngokuvamile igebe phakathi kwe-welding eshisayo ne-root welding ayikwazi ukuba yinde kune-5min. I-semi-automatic protection welding ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-engeli elandelanayo engu-5 degrees kuya ku-15 degrees, kanti ucingo lokushisela lwakha i-engeli engu-90 degrees nge-eksisi yokuphatha. Umgomo we-hot weld bead awukona ukwenza noma ukwenza ama-swings amancane ahlangene. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-arc itholakala ngaphambili kwechibi elincibilikisiwe, yehla nedamu elincibilikisiwe ngehora lesi-4 kuya kwelesi-6; isikhundla kusukela ngehora lesi-8 kuya kwelesi-6 kufanele senziwe ngendlela efanele. Swayiphela eceleni ukuze ugweme ubuhlalu obushiselayo obuphume ngokweqile endaweni yokushisela phezulu.

Ukuze ukhiphe i-arc yokuqala futhi ivale izimbobo zomoya, ungama lapho uqala khona ukuze wenze lula igesi entantayo iphume echibini elincibilikisiwe, noma usebenzise ama-arc agqagqene ukuqala nokuvala ama-arc kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuxazulula i-arc yokuqala nokuvala umoya. izimbobo; Ngemva kokuqeda, sebenzisa isondo lokugaya eliwugqinsi elingu-4.0mm ukuze ususe ubuhlalu obuyi-convex.

Uma ukushiswa kwezimpande kushisa ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, i-welding ye-semi-automatic yokuvikela akufanele isetshenziselwe ukulungiswa, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-pores aminyene azovela ku-weld yokulungisa. Inqubo efanele iwukumisa i-semi-automatic protection welding ngokushesha lapho kutholakala ukuthi ishisiwe, futhi ugaye i-weld yezimpande eshisiwe, ikakhulukazi iziphetho ezimbili zokusha zibe uguquko oluthambile lwemithambeka, ngokuya ngokushisela kwezimpande. izidingo zenqubo, sebenzisa i-electrode ye-cellulose ye-manual ukushisa okushisiwe ngokwenza ukushisela ukulungisa, bese ulinda izinga lokushisa lokushisela endaweni yokulungisa lehle liye kuma-degree angu-100 kuya ku-120 degrees, bese uqhubeka nokushisela ngokuvumelana ne-hot bead semi evamile. -automatic ukuvikelwa inqubo welding.

Umgomo wokukhetha wamapharamitha wenqubo yobuhlalu obushisayo usekelwe esimisweni sokuthi ubuhlalu obushisela impande abushiswa ngabo. Isivinini sokuphakela kwezintambo eziphezulu kanye ne-voltage yokushisela ehambisana nesivinini sokuphakela kwezintambo kusetshenziswa kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinzuzo yilezi: i-welding ephezulu ingatholakala Isivinini, isivinini sokuphakela kwentambo ephezulu singathola ukujula okukhulu kokungena, futhi i-voltage enkulu ye-arc ingathola ichibi elincibilikisiwe elibanzi, elingenza i-slag esele ngemuva kokudlula kwe-weld impande kusuliwe, ikakhulukazi okufihliwe. i-slag ncibilika emgqeni we-rut we-weld pass yempande Phuma, intante ebusweni bechibi elincibilikisiwe, futhi ingathola ubuhlalu be-concave weld, inciphise umfutho wokusebenza kokususwa kwe-hot weld bead slag.

Eqinisweni, ukususwa kwe-slag yobuhlalu obushisayo kudinga isondo locingo ukuze kukhishwe i-slag, futhi i-slag engakwazi ukususwa kancane idinga ukuba isondo lokugaya lisuswe. Ingxenye yobuhlalu obuyi-convex budinga isondo lokugaya eliwugqinsi elingu-4.0mm ukuze kukhishwe ingxenye ephumayo (ikakhulukazi kwenzeka ngo-5: 30-6: 30 o'clock position), ngaphandle kwalokho kulula ukukhiqiza izimbotshana eziyi-cylindrical Ukushisela i-slag akuvunyelwe kwi-weld. ubuhlalu, ngoba ukuba khona kwe-slag yokushisela kuzothinta ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kwe-arc yokugcwalisa, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-arc ngokushesha kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-pores aminyene wendawo.

3.Gcwalisa i-welding

Ukugcwalisa i-weld bead kungenziwa kuphela ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokushisela yobuhlalu obushisayo. Izidingo zokushisela ze-welding yokugcwalisa ngokuyisisekelo ziyefana nalezo ze-welding ezishisayo. Ngemuva kokuthi ubuhlalu bokugcwalisa buqediwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukugcwalisa i-welding kube amaphuzu angu-2 kuya kwangu-4 futhi amaphuzu angu-8 kuya kwangu-10 ngokuyisisekelo axutshwe nobuso bensimbi eyisisekelo, kanti umkhawulo osele we-groove akufanele udlule u-1.5mm ngesikhathi esiphezulu. , ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-welding yendawo yekhava imile. Ngeke kube ne-porosity endaweni noma ephansi kunento eyisisekelo. Uma kunesidingo, i-welding yokugcwalisa iyadingeka ukwengeza i-welding yokugcwalisa eqondile. I-welding yokugcwalisa okuqondile kuphela lapho ubuhlalu bokugcwalisa buphakathi kwehora lesi-2-4 kanye nehora le-10-8. Lapho i-welding yokugcwalisa isiqediwe, indawo yokugcwalisa ihluke kakhulu endaweni ye-groove endaweni engenhla, njengesembozo esiqondile, gcwalisa ubuhlalu Emva kwalokho, lapho indawo ye-welding seam iphansi kune-base material surface endaweni engenhla, i-welding yokugcwalisa eqondile iyengezwa. I-welding yokugcwalisa okuqondile kufanele igcwaliswe kanye ngemva kokuqala i-arc, futhi i-arc akufanele iphazamiseke ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, ngoba i-joint welded kulesi sikhundla ijwayele ukuba ne-porosity ehlangene. I-vertical filler welding ngokuvamile ayijiki ngaseceleni futhi yehla nechibi elincibilikisiwe. Ubuhlalu obucwebezelayo obuncane noma obuyisicaba bungatholakala endaweni yokushisela eqondile. Lokhu kungagwema ukwakheka kwe-concave ye-weld surface yendawo yekhava futhi isikhungo sobuhlalu obushisela sibe ngaphansi kunesisekelo sensimbi. Isimiso sokukhethwa kwamapharamitha wenqubo yokushisela yokugcwalisa i-welding eqondile iyijubane eliphezulu lokuphakelayo kwe-welding wire kanye ne-voltage ephansi ye-welding, engagwema ukuvela kwe-porosity.

4.Ikhava yokushisela

Kuphela ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokugcwalisa i-welding, i-welding ye-cover surface ingenziwa. Ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwe-deposition ephezulu ye-semi-automatic protection welding, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekukhetheni amapharamitha wenqubo yokushisela lapho ushisela indawo yekhava. Isihluthulelo sokukhethwa kwamapharamitha wenqubo yijubane lokuphakelayo kwentambo, i-voltage, i-angle elandelanayo, ukwelula okomile kanye nesivinini sokushisela. Ukuze ugweme ama-blowholes, isivinini sokuphakelwa kocingo esiphezulu, i-voltage ephansi (cishe i-voltage eyodwa ephansi kune-voltage ehambisana nesivinini sokuphakela kwentambo evamile), ubude bomile obude, kanye nesivinini sokushisela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-arc yokushisela Ihlale iphambi i-welding pool. Ngehora lesi-5 kuya kwelesi-6, ihora lesi-7 kuya kwelesi-6, ukunwetshwa okomile kungandiswa ukuze kuqhutshekwe ukushisela, ukuze kutholakale ungqimba oluncane lobuhlalu ukuze kugwenywe ukuphakama okweqile engxenyeni ye-welding yangemuva. kobuhlalu. Ukuze kuqedwe izimbobo zokushisela ezibangelwa i-welding yekhava ezingxenyeni ezikhuphukayo neziqondile ze-welding, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukushisela ingxenye ye-welding eqondile ngesikhathi esisodwa. Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukukhiqiza amajoyinti ashiselwe ngo-2 o'clock-4:30, 10 o'clock-8:30. , Ukuze ugweme ukwakheka kwe-stomata. Ukuze ugweme ukuvela kwezimbobo zomoya emalungeni ezingxenye ezikhuphukayo, i-welding seam phakathi kuka-4:30 no-6 ezimpondweni, ngo-8:30 no-6 ezimpondweni, bese kuba ngo-12:00-4:30. ihora nehora le-12 zishiselwe Ukushisela phakathi kwensimbi nehora lesishiyagalombili ihora lesishiyagalombili kungagwema ngempumelelo ukwenzeka kwezimbobo zomoya emalungeni omgwaqo okhuphukayo. Imingcele yenqubo yokushisela ye-welding yekhava ngokuyisisekelo iyafana ne-welding eshisayo, kodwa ijubane lokuphakela ucingo liphakeme kancane.

5.Semi-automatic welding control of welding defects

Isihluthulelo sokusebenza kwe-semi-automatic protection welding ukusebenzisa lesi simo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi gcina i-arc yokushisela phambi kwechibi lokushisela ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela futhi ungqimba oluncane olusheshayo lwe-multi-pass welding luyisihluthulelo sokunqoba zonke izinkinga zokushisela. Gwema ubulukhuni ukuthola ubukhulu be-weld pass single futhi unake ukuzinza kwenqubo yokushisela. Ikhwalithi yokushisela ihlobene kakhulu nemingcele yenqubo yokushisela emihlanu yesivinini sokuphakelayo kocingo, i-welding voltage, i-elongation eyomile, i-trailing angle, isivinini sokuhamba nge-welding. Shintsha noma iyiphi, futhi imingcele esele emine kufanele yenziwe. Lungisa ngokufanele.