Ipayipi lensimbi elithambile lisho okuqukethwe okungaphansi kuka-0.25% we-carbon steel ngenxa yamandla alo aphansi, ubulukhuni obuphansi nokuthambile.Kuhlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yensimbi evamile ye-carbon steel kanye nensimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni yekhwalithi ephezulu, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokwelashwa kokushisa okusetshenziselwa izakhiwo zobunjiniyela, okunye ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-carburizing nezinye izingxenye zemishini ezidingekayo ukuze zigqokwe.Inhlangano yokuhlanganisa ipayipi lensimbi elithambile i-ferrite ne-pearlite iphansi amandla ayo nobulukhuni, i-ductility kanye nokuqina.Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka okubandayo kuhle futhi kungaba ukugoqa, ukugoba, ukubhoboza nezinye izindlela zokwakheka okubandayo.Njengaleyo payipi yensimbi ethambile inokushisela okuhle.Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kusuka ku-0.10 kuya ku-0.30% yensimbi emnene kulula ukwamukela zonke izinhlobo zokucutshungulwa ezifana nokubumba, ukushisela nokusika, okuvame ukusetshenziswa ekwenzeni amaketanga, ama-rivets, ama-bolts, ama-shafts, njll.

Ipayipi lensimbi elivamile elokukhiqiza izingxenye zokwakha, iziqukathi, ithangi, isithando somlilo kanye nemishini yasemapulazini.Ipayipi lensimbi elisezingeni eliphansi elokwenza ikhebhu yemoto, ihood kanye neminye imikhiqizo ebomvu ejulile;futhi igingqelwe ibe imigoqo, izidingo amandla ukukhiqizwa izingxenye mechanical.Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ipayipi lensimbi elithambile ngokuvamile alikho ngokwelashwa kokushisa, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungaphezu kuka-0.15% ngokwelashwa kwe-carburizing noma i-cyanide, okusetshenziselwa ukudinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukugqoka ama-shafts amahle, ama-bushings, ama-sprockets nezinye izingxenye.Ngenxa yamandla aphansi ensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi, ukusetshenziswa kukhawulelwe.Okufanelekile ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ye-manganese futhi wengeze i-trace vanadium, i-titanium, i-niobium nezinye izakhi ze-alloying, kungathuthukisa kakhulu amandla ensimbi.Uma unciphisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yensimbi futhi wengeza inani elincane le-aluminium, kanye nenani elincane lezinto zokwakha i-boron carbide, ungathola i-ULCB isethwe ukuqina okwanele, futhi ugcine i-ductility enhle nokuqina.

Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okuphansi kwepayipi lensimbi elithambile kuwubulukhuni obuphansi kakhulu kanye nokusebenziseka kahle, inqubo yokujwayelekile ingase ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle.Ipayipi lensimbi elithambile livame ukuba nokuhambisana nesikhathi okukhulu, kokubili kucisha ukuthambekela kokuguga, kanye nokuthambekela kokucindezela ukuguga.Lapho ukupholisa okusheshayo okuvela ensimbi yokushisa ephezulu, i-ferritic scraping carbon, i-nitrogen saturation, kungase futhi kubambezele ukwakheka kwe-iron carbonitride kwakusezingeni lokushisa elivamile, futhi ngaleyo ndlela amandla nobulukhuni bensimbi, ukwehla kwe-ductility nokuqina, into ebizwa ngokuthi. qeda ukuguga.Ngisho nangaphandle kokucisha futhi ukupholisa umoya okuphansi kwekhabhoni kuzoveza ukuguga.Khiqiza inani elikhulu lensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi ngokugudluka ngokususa i-ferrite kukhabhoni, ukusebenzisana kwe-athomu ye-nitrogen nokunwebeka kwe-athomu, ukubusa kwekhabhoni, i-athomu ye-nitrogen eqoqwe emugqeni ongalungile.Inhlanganisela enjalo yama-athomu e-carbon ne-nitrogen kanye nomugqa wokugudluza ubizwa ngokuthi i-Coriolis-year-old air mass (Ke lop air mass).Izokwandisa amandla nobulukhuni bensimbi ngenkathi kunciphisa i-ductility kanye nokuqina, into eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuguga kobunzima.Kunokucima ukuguga kwepayipi lensimbi elithambile ngesikhathi se-deformation plasticity kanye nokuqina izingozi ezinkulu ejikeni eliqinile linephuzu elisobala eliphezulu neliphansi lesivuno.Njengoba isivuno sokwelulwa kwephoyinti lesivuno senzeka kuze kube sekupheleni, sibonakala sikhubazekile ngenxa yendawo engalingani enokugoqeka okwakhiwa phezu kwesampula, ebizwa nge-Luders band.Izitembu eziningi zivame ukuchithwa.Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuvimbela.Indlela ephezulu yokuguqulwa kwangaphambi kokuguqulwa, indawo yokugxiviza isitembu sensimbi esonakele ngemva kwesikhathi izokhiqiza ibhendi ye-Luders, ngakho-ke isitembu sensimbi esonakele ngaphambili sibekwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi singeside kakhulu.Enye insimbi, i-aluminium noma i-titanium yengezwa ekwakhiweni kwenhlanganisela ezinzile ne-nitrogen ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwezixuku zomoya ezibangelwa ukuguga kweCoriolis.