I-delamination yepuleti lensimbi kanye nokuqhekeka okubandayo okuphukayo ngemva kokusika umlilo wepuleti lensimbi kanye nokushisela ngokuvamile kunokubonakala okufanayo, kokubili okuwukuqhekeka phakathi kwepuleti. Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa, i-delaminated steel plate kumele isuswe. I-delamination yonke kufanele isuswe iyonke, futhi i-delamination yendawo ingasuswa endaweni. Ukuqhekeka okubandayo kwe-steel plate kubonakala njengokuqhekeka phakathi, abanye abantu abakubiza nangokuthi "ukuqhekeka". Ukuze kube lula ukuhlaziya, kufaneleka kakhulu ukuyichaza ngokuthi "i-cold brittle cracking". Lesi sici singelashwa ngezinyathelo zokulungisa kanye nobuchwepheshe bokushisela obufanelekile ngaphandle kokulahlwa.

1. Steel plate delamination
I-Delamination iyigebe lendawo esigabeni esiphambanayo se-steel plate (billet), okwenza ingxenye ephambanayo yepuleti lensimbi ibe ungqimba lwasendaweni. Kuyisici esibulalayo ensimbi. Ipuleti lensimbi akufanele lincishiswe, bheka Umfanekiso 1. I-Delamination ibizwa nangokuthi i-interlayer ne-delamination, okuyisici sangaphakathi sensimbi. Amabhamuza ku-ingot (billet), okufakiwe okukhulu okungeyona insimbi, imigodi enciphayo eyinsalela engasuswanga ngokuphelele noma agoqeke, kanye nokuhlukaniswa okunzima kungase kubangele ukuhlukaniswa kwensimbi, futhi izinqubo zokunciphisa ukugingqika ezingenangqondo zingase zibhebhethekise ukuhlukaniswa.

2. Izinhlobo ze-steel plate stratification
Ngokuya ngesizathu, i-stratification izibonakalisa ezindaweni namafomu ahlukene. Ezinye zifihlwe ngaphakathi kwensimbi, kanti indawo engaphakathi iyahambisana noma ihambisana kakhulu nensimbi; ezinye zidlulela endaweni yensimbi futhi zenze ukonakala okufana ne-groove endaweni yensimbi. Ngokuvamile, kunamafomu amabili:
Eyokuqala i-stratification evulekile. Lesi sici se-stratification singatholakala ngendlela enkulu ekuqhekekeni kwensimbi, futhi ngokuvamile singaphinda sihlolwe ezitshalweni zensimbi nasezitshalweni zokukhiqiza.
Eyesibili i-stratification evaliwe. Lesi sici se-stratification asikwazi ukubonakala ekuqhekekeni kwensimbi, futhi kunzima ukuyithola embonini yokukhiqiza ngaphandle kokutholwa kwephutha le-ultrasonic elingu-100% lepuleti ngalinye lensimbi. Kuyi-stratification evaliwe ngaphakathi kwepuleti lensimbi. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwe-stratification kulethwa kusuka kusincibilikisi kuya endaweni yokukhiqiza futhi ekugcineni kucutshungulwe kube umkhiqizo ozothunyelwa.
Ukuba khona kokukhubazeka kwe-delamination kunciphisa ukujiya okusebenzayo kwepuleti lensimbi endaweni ye-delamination ukuze lithwale umthwalo futhi kunciphisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo ngendlela efanayo ne-delamination. Umumo wonqenqema wesici se-delamination ubukhali, ozwela kakhulu ekucindezelekeni futhi kuzodala ukugxila okukhulu kwengcindezi. Uma kukhona ukulayisha okuphindaphindiwe, ukuthulula, ukushisa, nokupholisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukucindezeleka okukhulu okushintshanisayo kuzokwakhiwa endaweni yokuhlushwa yokucindezeleka, okuholela ekukhathaleni kokucindezeleka.

3. Indlela yokuhlola imifantu ebandayo
3.1 Indlela elingana nekhabhoni-ukuhlola ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okubandayo kwensimbi
Njengoba ukuqina nokubanda kokuqhekeka kwendawo ethinteke ekushiseni kuhlobene nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ngokungaqondile ukuzwela kwemifantu ebandayo ensimbi. Okuqukethwe kwama-elementi engxubevange ensimbi kuguqulwa kube okuqukethwe okulingana kwekhabhoni ngokomsebenzi wayo, osetshenziswa njengenkomba yepharamitha yokuhlola cishe ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okubandayo kwensimbi, okuyindlela elingana nekhabhoni. Mayelana nendlela elingana nekhabhoni yensimbi ene-alloy ephansi, i-International Institute of Welding (IIW) incoma ifomula: Ceq(IIW)=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/ 15. Ngokusho kwefomula, inani elilinganayo lekhabhoni likhudlwana, kukhulu ukuthambekela kokuqina kwensimbi eshiselwe, futhi kulula ukukhiqiza imifantu ebandayo endaweni ethinteke ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, i-carbon equivalent ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukushisela kwensimbi, futhi izimo zenqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokuvimbela imifantu yokushisela zingahlongozwa ngokusho kwe-weldability. Uma usebenzisa ifomula etuswe yi-International Institute, uma i-Ceq(IIW)＜0.4%, ukuthambekela kokuqina akukukhulu, ukushisela kuhle, futhi ukushisa kwangaphambili akudingeki ngaphambi kokushisela; uma i-Ceq (IIW)＝0.4%～0.6%, ikakhulukazi uma inkulu kuno-0.5%, insimbi kulula ukuyiqinisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukushisela sekuwohlokile, futhi ukushisa kwangaphambili kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokushisela ukuvimbela imifantu yokushisela. Ukushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa kufanele kunyuswe ngokufanele njengoba ukushuba kwepuleti kukhuphuka.
3.2 Inkomba yokuzwela kokuqhekeka okubandayo
Ngaphezu kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izimbangela zokuqhekeka okubandayo ku-low-alloy high-strength steel welding zihlanganisa okuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen e-diffusible ensimbi efakwe, ukucindezeleka kokuvinjelwa kokuhlangana, njll. Ito et al. yaseJapan yenza izivivinyo eziningi ezinhlotsheni zensimbi ezingaphezu kuka-200 kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kocwaningo lwensimbi emise okwe-Y emise okwe-Y kanye namafomula ahlongozwayo njengenkomba yokuzwela kwe-crack ebandayo esungulwe ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, i-diffusible hydrogen, kanye nokuvinjwa (noma ukujiya kwepuleti) , futhi yasebenzisa inkomba yokuzwela kwe-crack ebandayo ukuze inqume izinga lokushisa ngaphambi kokushisela ngaphambi kokushisela ukuvimbela imifantu ebandayo. Ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi ifomula elandelayo ingasetshenziselwa insimbi ye-low-alloy high-strength enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungengaphezu kuka-0.16% namandla aqinile angu-400-900MPa. Pcm=C+Si/30+Mn/20+Cu/20+Ni/60+Cr/20+Mo/15+V/10+5B (%);
I-Pc=Pcm+[H]/60+t/600 (%)
Ku=1440Pc-392 (℃)
Kuphi: [H]——Okuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen ehlakazekayo kwensimbi efakwe kulinganiswa ngezinga le-Japanese JIS 3113 (ml/100g); t——Ukujiya kwepuleti (mm); Ku——Izinga lokushisa elincane lokushisa ngaphambi kokushisela (℃).
Bala inkomba ye-welding ebandayo ye-crack sensitivity Inkomba I-Pc yepuleti lensimbi lalokhu ukushuba, kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi lokushisa ngaphambi kokuqhekeka. Uma umphumela wokubala Ku-≥50℃, ipuleti lensimbi linokuzwela okuthile kokushisela okubandayo futhi lidinga ukushisisa ngaphambili.

4. Ukulungiswa kwe-brittle ebandayo "i-cracking" yezingxenye ezinkulu
Ngemva kokuphothulwa kwe-welding yensimbi yensimbi, ingxenye yensimbi yensimbi iyaqhekeka, ebizwa ngokuthi "delamination". Bheka Umfanekiso 2 ngezansi ukuze uthole i-morphology yokuqhekeka. Ochwepheshe be-Welding bakholelwa ukuthi kufaneleka kakhulu ukuchaza inqubo yokulungisa njengokuthi "inqubo yokulungisa i-welding yokuqhekeka kwe-Z-direction kumapuleti ensimbi". Njengoba ingxenye inkulu, kuwumsebenzi omningi ukususa ipuleti lensimbi, bese uyishisela futhi. Cishe yonke ingxenye izokhubazeka, futhi yonke ingxenye izolahlwa, okuzodala ukulahlekelwa okukhulu.
4.1. Izimbangela nezinyathelo zokuvimbela zokuqhekeka kwe-Z-direction
Imifantu ye-Z-direction ebangelwa ukusika nokushisela imifantu ebandayo. Ukuqina nokuqina kwe-steel plate, ayanda amathuba okuqhekeka kwe-Z-direction. Indlela yokugwema ukwenzeka kwayo, indlela engcono kakhulu yokushisa ngaphambi kokusika nokushisela, futhi izinga lokushisa lokufudumala lincike ebangeni kanye nobukhulu bepuleti lensimbi. Ukushisa kuqala kungenziwa ngokusika izibhamu namaphedi okushisa e-electronic crawler, futhi izinga lokushisa elidingekayo kufanele likalwe ngemuva kwendawo yokushisisa. (Qaphela: Sonke isigaba sokusika ipuleti lensimbi kufanele sishiswe ngokulinganayo ukuze kugwenywe ukushisa kwasendaweni okuthinta umthombo wokushisa) Ukushisa kuqala kunganciphisa amathuba okuqhekeka kwe-Z okubangelwa ukusika nokushisela.
① Qala ngokusebenzisa i-engeli grinder ukuze ugaye ukuqhekeka kuze kungabonakali, shisisa kuqala indawo ezungeze i-welding yokulungisa ibe ngu-100℃, bese usebenzisa i-CO2 welding (intambo ene-flux-cored ihamba phambili). Ngemuva kokushisela isendlalelo sokuqala, cindezela ngokushesha i-weld ngesando sekhoni, bese ushisela izendlalelo ezilandelayo, bese uthinta i-weld ngesando ngemva kongqimba ngalunye. Qinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa le-interlayer lingu-≤200℃.
② Uma ukuqhekeka kujulile, shisa kuqala indawo ezungeze i-weld yokulungisa ibe ngu-100 ℃, sebenzisa ngokushesha i-carbon arc air planer ukuhlanza impande, bese usebenzisa i-engela grinder ukuze ugaye kuze kube yilapho ukukhanya kwensimbi kuveziwe (uma izinga lokushisa i-weld yokulungisa ingaphansi kuka-100 ℃, shisa futhi) bese ushisela.
③ Ngemuva kokushisela, sebenzisa uvolo we-aluminium silicate noma i-asbestos ukuze ugqume i-weld amahora angu-≥2.
④ Ngezizathu zokuphepha, thola amaphutha e-ultrasonic endaweni elungisiwe.