1. Ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali: indlela yokuhlaziya amakhemikhali, indlela yokuhlaziya yezinsimbi (insimbi ye-infrared CS, i-spectrometer yokufunda eqondile, i-zcP, njll.). ① Imitha ye-Infrared CS: Hlaziya ama-ferroalloys, izinto ezingasetshenzisiwe zensimbi, kanye nama-elementi C no-S ngensimbi. ②I-spectrometer yokufunda okuqondile: C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Ni, Cn, A1, W, V, Ti, B, Nb, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi ngamasampula enqwaba. ③N-0 imitha: Ukuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe kwegesi kuka-N no-O.

2. Ipayipi lensimbi ubukhulu bejometri kanye nokuhlolwa kokubukeka:
① Ukuhlola ukujiya kwepayipi lensimbi: i-micrometer, igeji yokujiya ye-ultrasonic, amaphuzu angekho ngaphansi kwama-8 emikhawulweni yomibili futhi aqoshiwe.
② Ipayipi lensimbi ububanzi bangaphandle nokuhlolwa kwe-ovality: caliper, vernier caliper, ring gauge, linganisa iphuzu eliphezulu kanye nephoyinti elincane.
③Ukuhlolwa kobude bepayipi lensimbi: ukulinganisa itheyiphu yensimbi, ukulinganisa kobude okwenziwa ngesandla nokuzenzakalelayo.
④ Ukuhlola ukugoba kwepayipi lensimbi: Sebenzisa irula, ileveli (1m), igeji yokuzizwa, nocingo oluncane ukuze ulinganise ukugoba imitha ngayinye kanye nokugoba kwabo bonke ubude.
⑤ Ukuhlolwa kwepayipi lensimbi ekugcineni i-engeli ye-bevel kanye nonqenqema olubuthuntu: irula eliyisikwele nepuleti lokunamathisela.

3. Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yendawo yepayipi lensimbi: 100%
① Ukuhlola okubonakalayo okwenziwa ngesandla: izimo zokukhanya, amazinga, ulwazi, izimpawu, ukuzungezisa kwamapayipi ensimbi.
② Ukuhlola okungabhubhisi: a. I-Ultrasonic flaw discovery UT: Izwela ukukhubazeka okungaphezulu nangaphakathi kwezinto ezifaniswayo zezinto ezihlukahlukene. Okujwayelekile: GB/T 5777-1996. Izinga: Izinga le-C5.
b. Ukutholwa kwephutha lamanje kwe-Eddy ET: (i-electromagnetic induction): izwela kakhulu kumaphutha amise okwephoyinti (okumise okwembobo). Okujwayelekile: GB/T 7735-2004. Izinga: Izinga B.
c. Izinhlayiya zikaZibuthe i-MT kanye nokuhlolwa kokuvuza okuguquguqukayo kazibuthe: Ukuhlola kazibuthe kulungele ukuthola ukukhubazeka okungaphezulu naseduze kobuso bezinto ze-ferromagnetic. Okujwayelekile: GB/T 12606-1999. Izinga: Izinga le-C4
d. Ukutholwa kwephutha kwe-electromagnetic ultrasonic: Ayikho indlela yokuhlanganisa edingekayo, futhi ingasetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, anesivinini esikhulu, ekutholeni amaphutha ebusweni bepayipi lensimbi.
e. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Penetrant: i-fluorescence, ukufaka umbala, ukuthola ukukhubazeka okungaphezulu kwamapayipi ensimbi.

4. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokuphathwa kwensimbi: ① Ukuhlolwa kwe-Tensile: linganisa ingcindezi nokuguqulwa, futhi unqume amandla (YS, TS) kanye nenkomba yepulasitiki (A, Z) yezinto. Izibonelo zobude neziphambene, izigaba zamapayipi, izibonelo ezimise okwe-arc neziyisiyingi (￠10, ￠12.5). Small ububanzi mncane odongeni ipayipi yensimbi, ububanzi obukhulu obukhulu odongeni ipayipi yensimbi, fixed gauge ubude. Qaphela: Ubude besampula ngemva kokuphuka buhlobene nosayizi wesampula GB/T 1760.
②Isivivinyo somthelela: I-CVN, uhlobo olunophawu lwe-C, uhlobo lwe-V, inani lomsebenzi elithi J/cm2. Isampula elijwayelekile 10×10×55 (mm) Isampula elingajwayelekile 5×10×55 (mm)
③Ukuhlolwa kokuqina: I-Brinell hardness HB, i-Rockwell hardness HRC, i-Vickers hardness HV, njll.
④Ukuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic: ingcindezi yokuhlola, isikhathi sokuqinisa ingcindezi, p=2Sδ/D

5. Inqubo yokuhlola ukusebenza kwepayipi lensimbi:
① Ukuhlolwa kokucaba: isifanekiso esiyindilinga esimise okuka-C (S/D>0.15) H= (1+2)S/(∝+S/D)
L=40～100mm I-Deformation coefficient ngobude beyunithi ngayinye=0.07～0.08
② Ukuhlolwa kokudonsa indandatho: L=15mm, akukho mifantu, ifanelekile
③Isivivinyo sokunweba nokugoqa: i-taper ephakathi nendawo ephezulu ingu-30°, 40°, 60°
④Isivivinyo sokugoba: singangena esikhundleni sokuhlolwa kokucaba (kumapayipi amakhulu obubanzi)

6. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Metallurgical kwepayipi lensimbi:
①Ukuhlolwa kwamandla aphezulu (ukuhlaziywa kwe-microscopic): ukufakwa okungezona ezensimbi 100x GB/T 10561 Usayizi wohlamvu: ibanga, umehluko webanga. Inhlangano: M, B, S, T, P, F, AS. Isendlalelo se-Decarburization: ingaphakathi nangaphandle. Indlela A yokulinganisa: I-Class A - sulfide, I-Class B - i-oxide, i-Class C - i-silicate, i-D - i-spherical oxidation, i-Class DS.
②Ukuhlolwa kokukhulisa okuphansi (ukuhlaziywa kwe-macroscopic): iso elinqunu, ingilazi yokukhulisa engu-10x noma ngaphansi. a. Indlela yokuhlola i-Acid etching. b. Indlela yokuhlola ukuphrinta kwesulphur (ukuhlola okungenalutho kweshubhu, okubonisa izakhiwo neziphambeko ezinganamasiko aphansi, njengokuxega, ukuhlukaniswa, amabhamuza angaphansi kwesikhumba, ukugoqeka kwesikhumba, amabala amhlophe, okufakiwe, njll. c. Indlela yokuhlola umugqa wezinwele omise okwe Tower: ukuhlolwa kwenombolo ye izinwele, Ubude, nokusabalalisa.