Lesi sihloko sichaza izithiyo nezinkinga zendabukoi-flangeinqubo yokubumba, futhi yenza ucwaningo olujulile mayelana nokulawulwa kwenqubo, indlela yokwenza, ukuqaliswa kwenqubo, ukuhlolwa kwe-forging kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokubumba kwama-flange forgings kuhlanganiswe namacala athile. I-athikili iphakamisa isu lokuthuthukisa lenqubo yokubumba i-flange futhi ihlola izinzuzo eziphelele zalolu hlelo. I-athikili inenani elithile lereferensi.

Izithiyo kanye nezinkinga zenqubo yendabuko ye-flange

Ezinkampanini eziningi ezikhangayo, okugxilwe kakhulu enqubweni yokwenza i-flange kugxile ekutshalweni kwezimali nasekuthuthukisweni kwemishini yokubumba, kuyilapho inqubo yokukhipha impahla eluhlaza ngokuvamile ayinakwa. Ngokocwaningo, amafemu amaningi ajwayele ukusebenzisa imishini yokusaha uma esetshenziswa, kanti iningi lawo lisebenzisa amasaha angama-semi-automatic kanye ne-automatic band. Lesi simo asigcini nje ngokunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwezinto eziphansi, kodwa futhi sinezinkinga zomsebenzi wendawo enkulu futhi sabona isenzakalo sokungcola koketshezi. Enqubweni yendabuko yokubumba i-flange imvamisa isetshenziswa enqubweni evamile yokubumba evulekile, ukunemba kokubumba kwale nqubo kuphansi kakhulu, ukuguga nokuklebhuka kwefa kukhulu, kuthambekele empilweni ephansi yokuqamba kanye nochungechunge lwezigigaba ezimbi ezinjalo. njengokufa okungalungile.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo ye-flange forgings

UKUQHUBEKA UKULAWULA INQUBO

(1) Ukulawulwa kwezici zenhlangano. I-Flange forging ivamise ukuba yi-martensitic stainless steel kanye ne-austenitic stainless steel njengezisetshenziswa zokusetshenziswa, leli phepha likhethe i-1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel for forging flange. Le nsimbi engagqwali ayikho i-isotropic heterocrystalline transformation, uma ishisiswe ifinyelela ku-1000 ℃, kungenzeka ukuthola inhlangano ye-austenitic ecishe ifane. Ngemva kwalokho, uma insimbi engagqwali evuthayo ipholiswa ngokushesha, khona-ke inhlangano ye-austenitic etholakalayo ingagcinwa ekamelweni lokushisa. Uma inhlangano ihamba kancane-ipholile, khona-ke kulula ukuvela isigaba se-alpha, okwenza isimo esishisayo se-plasticity yensimbi engenasici sincishiswe kakhulu. Insimbi engagqwali nayo iyisizathu esibalulekile sokucekelwa phansi kwe-intergranular corrosion, lesi simo sibangelwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwe-chromium carbide onqenqemeni lokusanhlamvu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umkhuba we-carburization kufanele ugwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka.
(2) Namathela ngokuqinile emibhalweni yokushisisa, kanye nokulawula okusebenzayo kwezinga lokushisa lokukhohlisa. Lapho ushisisa i-1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic insimbi engagqwali esithandweni, ingaphezulu lezinto ezibonakalayo lithambekele kakhulu ekufakweni kwe-carburization. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukwenzeka kwalesi simo, kufanele
Gwema ukuthintana phakathi kwensimbi engagqwali nezinto ezine-carbon. Ngenxa ye-thermal conductivity empofu ye-1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel endaweni yezinga lokushisa eliphansi, idinga ukushisisa kancane. Ukulawulwa okukhethekile kokushisisa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nejika elikuMfanekiso 1.

Umfanekiso.1 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic insimbi engagqwali yokulawula izinga lokushisa
(3) ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokusebenza kwe-flange. Okokuqala, izidingo zenqubo ethile kufanele zilandelwe ngokuqinile ukuze kukhethwe ngokunengqondo impahla eluhlaza yento esetshenziswayo. Ngaphambi kokushisa impahla kufanele kube ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwendawo ebonakalayo, ukugwema ukuqhekeka, ukugoqa kanye nokufakwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe nezinye izinkinga. Khona-ke, lapho kukhandwa, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukushaya kancane impahla nge-deformation encane kuqala, bese ushaya kanzima lapho ipulasitiki yezinto ezibonakalayo ikhula. Uma ucasukile, iziphetho ezingenhla nezingezansi kufanele zenziwe nge-chamfered noma zibe crimped, bese leyo ngxenye kufanele ibe isicaba bese ishaywa futhi.

UKWAKHA INDLELA FUTHI NOKUDANIWA KWE-DIE

Uma ububanzi bungeqi ku-150mm, i-butt weld flange ingakhiwa ngendlela evulekile yokwenza unhlokweni ngesethi yokufa. Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2, endleleni evulekile yokubeka isethi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuphakama kokungenalutho okucasulayo kanye nesilinganiso se-pad die aperture d kulawulwa kangcono ku-1.5 - 3.0, i-radius ye-die hole fillet R Okungcono kakhulu kwe-0.05d - 0.15d, futhi ukuphakama kwe-die H kungu-2mm - 3mm ngaphansi kokuphakama kokubunjwa kufanelekile.

Fig. 2 Vula indlela yesethi yedayizi
Uma ububanzi bungaphezu kuka-150mm, kuhle ukhethe indlela ye-flange butt welding ye-flanging ring flanging kanye ne-extrusion. Njengoba kuboniswe kumfanekiso wesi-3, ukuphakama kwe-H0 engenalutho kufanele kube ngu-0.65 (H + h) - 0.8 (H + h) endleleni ye-ringing flanging eyisicaba. Ukulawulwa okukhethekile kokushisisa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nejika elikuMfanekiso 1.

Umfanekiso 3 Ukuphenduka kweringi eyisicaba kanye nendlela yokukhipha

UKUSEBENZA KWENQUBO KANYE NOKUHLOLWA KWE-FOGING

Kuleli phepha, indlela yokugunda ibha yensimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa futhi ihlanganiswe nokusetshenziswa kwenqubo yokugunda ephoqelekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yesigaba esiphambanayo somkhiqizo. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa inqubo yokufoga ye-open die forging ejwayelekile, kwamukelwa indlela yokubumba enembayo evaliwe. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ukwenza ukwakheka
Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokubumba, kodwa futhi iqeda amathuba okufa okungalungile futhi inciphisa inqubo yokusika onqenqemeni. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokuqeda ukusetshenziswa konqenqema lwe-scrap, kodwa futhi iqeda isidingo semishini yokusika onqenqemeni, ukusika onqenqemeni kuyafa, kanye nabasebenzi bokusika onqenqemeni. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokubumba enembayo evaliwe ibaluleke kakhulu ukonga izindleko nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezifanele, amandla aqinile wokubumba imbobo ejulile yalo mkhiqizo akufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-570MPa futhi ubude akumele kube ngaphansi kwama-20%. Ngokuthatha amasampula engxenyeni ewugqinsi lwembobo ejulile ukwenza ibha yokuhlola nokwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-tensile test, singathola ukuthi amandla aqinile we-forging ngu-720MPa, amandla esivuno angu-430MPa, ubude bungama-21.4%, futhi ukuncipha kwengxenye kungu-37% . Kungabonakala ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezidingo.

UKWELASHWA OKUSHISA NGEMVA KOKUFOJWA

I-1Cr18Ni9Ti i-austenitic stainless steel flange ngemuva kokwenza, qaphela ngokukhethekile ukubukeka kwe-intergranular corrosion phenomenon, kanye nokuthuthukisa i-plasticity yezinto ngangokunokwenzeka, ukunciphisa noma ngisho nokuqeda inkinga yokuqina komsebenzi. Ukuze uthole ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, i-flange yokubumba kufanele ibe ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kokushisa, ngale njongo, ama-forgings adinga ukwelashwa okuqinile kwesixazululo. Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyeni okungenhla, ama-forging kufanele ashiswe ukuze wonke ama-carbides ancibilike abe yi-austenite lapho izinga lokushisa liku-1050°C - 1070°C. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, umkhiqizo owumphumela upholiswa ngokushesha ukuze uthole isakhiwo se-austenite sesigaba esisodwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukumelana nokugqwala kokucindezeleka kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-crystalline kwama-forgings kuthuthukiswa kakhulu. Kulokhu, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwama-forgings kwakhethwa ukuthi kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa ukucisha ukushisa kwemfucuza. Njengoba ukucisha ukushisa kwemfucuza kuwukucisha izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisa okuvamile, akudingi nje kuphela izidingo zokushisisa zemishini yokucisha nokucisha kanye nezidingo zokucushwa komqhubi ohlobene, kodwa futhi ukusebenza kwe-forgings ekhiqizwa kusetshenziswa le nqubo kuningi. izinga eliphezulu.

Ukuhlaziywa kwenzuzo okuphelele

Ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo elungiselelwe ukukhiqiza ama-flange forgings kunciphisa ngempumelelo imvume yomshini kanye ne-die slope ye-forging, konga izinto zokusetshenziswa ngokwezinga elithile. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-saw blade kanye nokusika uketshezi kunciphisa inqubo yokubumba, okunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezinto. Ngokwethulwa kwendlela yokushisa imfucuza ekhangayo, isusa amandla adingekayo ekucimeni okushisayo.

Isiphetho

Enqubweni yokukhiqiza ama-flange forging, izidingo zenqubo ethile kufanele zithathwe njengendawo yokuqala, zihlanganiswe nesayensi yesimanje kanye nobuchwepheshe ukuze kuthuthukiswe indlela yendabuko yokubumba kanye nokwenza kahle uhlelo lokukhiqiza.