Ishubhu yensimbinjengengxenye yangaphakathi yeshubhu ngesikhathi sokukhathala kwepulaki eligoqiwe eligoqiwe elibangelwa ukushwabana kwemihuzuko emifushane noma engashoni noma ishubhu elingaphakathi libangela ukuhwaqamuka kwendawo, isistimu enqubweni yokudonsa elandelayo, ukuba khona kodonga lwangaphakathi ithubhu elincane imigodi yangaphambili ihlale ishwabana, inwebe, yavela emseleni futhi ububanzi bomsele buba buncane futhi buncane, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwenqubo eminingi yokudonsa engenalutho, insimbi yenziwa kuphela ngokwelula nokudonsa ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi olungaphakathi lokukhama, umphumela wodonga lwepayipi. ngaphandle kokukhama ngaphandle, ngokugeleza kwensimbi, imifantu inweba futhi isinyathelo ipayipi elingaphakathi tapered, futhi ekugcineni yakha linear longitudinal amaphutha angenakugwenywa;ngaphakathi kwendawo ebushelelezi engenalutho, indawo yangaphakathi ye-tube eqediwe ingcono.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nesistimu yokudonsa insimbi yensimbi kule nqubo, ukulimala kwesikhunta odongeni lwamapayipi, ukudonsa umoya ngenqubo elandelayo, lokhu kulimala akukwazi ukulawulwa ngokuphumelelayo ukucindezela kanye no-Hopewell, okulandelwa ukwakhiwa kodonga lwangaphakathi lwe-vertical vertical. umugqa oqondile njengamaphutha.

Amaphutha omugqa ngenxa yokuthi indawo yamaphoyinti anesici akhiqizwa ku-lattice ngokususwa ilele emugqeni.Lo mugqa uhamba phezulu kwendiza eyingxenye eyengeziwe.Amabhondi e-inter-athomu ahlanekezelwe ngokuphawulekayo kuphela endaweni eseduze yomugqa wokugudluza.

Ukuqonda ukunyakaza kwe-dislocation kuyisihluthulelo sokuqonda ukuthi kungani ukuhlukaniswa kuvumela ukuguquguquka kwenzeke ekucindezelekeni okuphansi kakhulu kune-crystal ephelele.Ukunyakaza kwe-dislocation kufana nokunyakaza kwesibungu.Isibungu kwakuzodingeka sisebenzise amandla amakhulu ukuze sinyakaze wonke umzimba waso ngesikhathi esisodwa.Kunalokho ihambisa ingxenye engemuva yomzimba wayo phambili ngenani elincane futhi idale i-hump.I-hump bese iya phambili futhi ekugcineni ihambisa wonke umzimba phambili ngenani elincane.