Line Amapayipi Izinsimbi
Izinzuzo: Amandla aphezulu, isisindo, nekhono lokonga impahla
Isicelo esijwayelekile: amapayipi amakhulu obubanzi bokuthutha uwoyela negesi
Umthelela we-molybdenum: uvimbela ukwakheka kwe-perlite ngemuva kokugingqika kokugcina, ukhuthaza inhlanganisela enhle yamandla nokuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi.
Iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu, indlela eyonga kakhulu nephumelelayo yokuthutha igesi yemvelo kanye nowoyela ongahluziwe ngokuhamba amabanga amade ngamapayipi enziwe ngensimbi enobubanzi obukhulu. Lawa mapayipi amakhulu ububanzi ukusuka ku-20″ kuya ku-56″ (51 cm kuya ku-142 cm), kodwa ngokuvamile ayahluka ukusuka ku-24″ kuya ku-48″ (61 cm kuya ku-122 cm).
Njengoba isidingo samandla emhlabeni wonke sikhula futhi kutholwa izizinda zegesi ezintsha ezindaweni eziya ziba nzima nezikude, isidingo somthamo omkhulu wezokuthutha kanye nokwenyuka kokuphepha kwamapayipi kuqhuba ukucaciswa kokugcina kwedizayini nezindleko. Iminotho ekhula ngokushesha njengeShayina, iBrazil kanye ne-India isiphinde yandisa isidingo samapayipi.
Isidingo samapayipi anobubanzi obukhulu seqe ukunikezwa okutholakalayo eziteshini zokukhiqiza zendabuko ezisebenzisa amapuleti asindayo kumapayipi e-UOE (U-forming O-forming E-xpansion), okuholela ekuvinjweni ngesikhathi senqubo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlobana kwamashubhu okuvunguza anobubanzi obukhulu nasezingeni elikhulu akhiqizwa emicu eshisayo kuye kwanda kakhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ene-alloy low-high-power (HSLA) kwasungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1970s ngokwethulwa kwenqubo yokugoqa ye-thermomechanical, ehlanganisa i-micro-alloying ne-niobium (Nb), i-vanadium (V). kanye/noma i-titanium (Ti), evumela ukusebenza kwamandla aphezulu. insimbi enamandla amakhulu ingakhiqizwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sezinqubo zokwelapha ukushisa okwengeziwe ezibizayo. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinsimbi ze-tubular zakuqala ze-HSLA zazisekelwe kuma-microstructures e-pearlite-ferrite ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-tubular steels afika ku-X65 (amandla esivuno amancane angama-65 ksi).
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isidingo samapayipi anamandla aphezulu saholela ocwaningweni olubanzi ngeminyaka yawo-1970 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1980 ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla angu-X70 noma ngaphezulu kusetshenziswa imiklamo yensimbi ekhabhoni ephansi, eminingi yayo esebenzisa umqondo we-molybdenum-niobium alloy. Kodwa-ke, ngokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe benqubo obusha njengokupholisa okusheshisiwe, kube nokwenzeka ukuba kuthuthukiswe amandla aphakeme ngemiklamo emincane ye-alloy.
Noma kunjalo, noma nini lapho izigayo eziginqikayo zingakwazi ukusebenzisa amazinga okupholisa adingekayo kuthebula eliphumayo, noma bengenazo ngisho nezinto zokupholisa ezisheshisiwe ezidingekayo, okuwukuphela kwesixazululo esisebenzayo ukusebenzisa izengezo ezikhethiwe zezakhi ze-alloying ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zensimbi ezidingekayo. . Njengoba i-X70 isiphenduke insakavukela umchilo wesidwaba kumaphrojekthi wesimanje wamapayipi kanye nokuthandwa okwandayo kwepayipi likalayini ovunguzayo, isidingo samapuleti esikali esindayo esingabizi kakhulu namakhoyili agingqelwa ashisayo akhiqizwa kuzo zombili izigayo ze-Steckel kanye nezigayo ezivamile ze-hot-strip sikhule kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule. iminyaka.
Muva nje, amaphrojekthi amakhulu okuqala asebenzisa i-X80-grade impahla yamapayipi amabanga amade enziwe eShayina. Izigayo eziningi ezihlinzeka la maphrojekthi zisebenzisa imiqondo ye-alloying ehlanganisa izithasiselo ze-molybdenum ngokusekelwe ekuthuthukisweni kwe-metallurgical okwenziwe phakathi nawo-1970. Imiklamo ye-alloy esekwe kwi-molybdenum nayo ikufakazele ukubaluleka kwayo kumashubhu anobubanzi obuphakathi nendawo. Amandla okushayela lapha ukufakwa kwamapayipi okusebenzayo kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu kokusebenza.
Kusukela ekuhwebeni, ukucindezela kokusebenza kwamapayipi egesi kuye kwanda kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-120 bar. Ngokuthuthukiswa kohlobo lwe-X120, ingcindezi yokusebenza ingakhushulwa ngokuqhubekayo ibe yi-150 bar. Izingcindezi ezikhulayo zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi ensimbi anezindonga ezinkulu kanye/noma amandla aphezulu. Njengoba isamba sezindleko zempahla zingaba ngaphezu kuka-30% wesamba sezindleko zamapayipi ephrojekthi yasogwini, ukunciphisa inani lensimbi esetshenziswa ngamandla aphezulu kungaholela ekongeni okukhulu.