Embonini yensimbi, amapayipi ensimbi ayizinto ezibalulekile eziyisisekelo futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni, emishinini, embonini yamakhemikhali, nakweminye imikhakha. Inqubo yokuwasha amapayipi ensimbi e-alkali, njengesixhumanisi esiyinhloko ekwelapheni okungaphezulu kwamapayipi ensimbi, ibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza okunqanda ukugqwala kwamapayipi ensimbi nokwelula impilo yawo yesevisi.

Okokuqala, isimiso sokugeza ipayipi lensimbi alkali inqubo
Ukugeza i-alkali, njengoba negama libonisa, kuyindlela yokuhlanza ubuso bamapayipi ensimbi usebenzisa izixazululo ze-alkaline. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokugeza i-alkali, ama-ion e-hydroxide (OH-) esisombululo se-alkaline asabela ngamakhemikhali nokungcola okufana namabala kawoyela nama-oxide ebusweni bepayipi lensimbi, ewaguqule abe yizinto ezincibilika emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela afeze inhloso yokuhlanza ipayipi lensimbi. phezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukugeza nge-alkali kungaphinda kususe ukungalingani okuncane kwendawo yepayipi lensimbi, kunikeze isisekelo esihle sokumboza okulandelayo noma ukwelashwa kokubola.

Okwesibili, izinyathelo zenqubo yokugeza ipayipi lensimbi alkali
Inqubo yokugeza ipayipi lensimbi i-alkali ngokuvamile ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
1. Ukwelashwa Ngaphambili: Ngaphambi kokugeza i-alkali, ipayipi lensimbi lidinga ukufakwa ngaphambili, okuhlanganisa nokukhipha ukungcola kwezinhlayiyana ezinkulu nokugqwala phezulu. Inhloso yalesi sinyathelo ukwakha indawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile uma kuqhathaniswa yokugeza i-alkali nokuthuthukisa umphumela wokugeza nge-alkali.
2. Ukulungiswa kwesisombululo se-alkali: Ngokuvumelana nempahla, isimo esingaphezulu, kanye nezidingo zokuhlanza zepayipi lensimbi, lungiselela isixazululo se-alkali sokugxila okufanele. Ukugxila okuphezulu kakhulu noma okuphansi kakhulu kwesisombululo se-alkali kuzothinta umphumela wokuhlanza, ngakho-ke kudinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile.
3. Umsebenzi wokugeza i-alkali: Gxilisa ipayipi lensimbi elakhiwe ngaphambili esixazululweni se-alkali isikhathi esithile ukuze isisombululo se-alkali sikwazi ukuthintana ngokugcwele futhi sisabele ngobungaphezulu bepayipi lensimbi. Phakathi nale nqubo, ipayipi lensimbi lidinga ukuphendulwa njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izingxenye ziwashwa ngokulinganayo.
4. Ukuhlanza nokomisa: Ngemva kokuqedwa kokugeza i-alkali, ipayipi lensimbi lidinga ukuhlanzwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze kukhishwe isisombululo se-alkali esisele kanye nemikhiqizo yokusabela. Ngemva kokuwasha, ipayipi lensimbi kudingeka lomiswe ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala okubangelwa umswakama osele.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi: Ekugcineni, ipayipi lensimbi ngemva kokugeza i-alkali liyahlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuhlanzeka kwalo ebusweni, ukucwebezela, njll. kuhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile. Uma kunemikhiqizo engafanelekile, idinga ukusetshenzwa kabusha.

Okwesithathu, amaphuzu asebenzayo wenqubo yokuhlanza ipayipi yensimbi alkali
Ekusebenzeni kwangempela, ukuqinisekisa umphumela kanye nekhwalithi yenqubo yokuhlanza ipayipi lensimbi le-alkali, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe:
1. Khetha isisombululo esifanele se-alkali: Izinto ezihlukene zamapayipi ensimbi nezimo ezingaphezulu kunezidingo ezihlukene zezixazululo ze-alkali. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha isisombululo se-alkali, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ngokugcwele isimo sangempela sepayipi yensimbi bese ukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwesisombululo se-alkali nokugxila.
2. Lawula isikhathi sokuhlanza i-alkali: Isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuhlanza i-alkali singabangela ukugqwala ngokweqile kwepayipi lensimbi futhi kuthinte ukusebenza; isikhathi esifushane kakhulu singase singahlanzwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukunquma ngokunengqondo isikhathi sokuhlanza i-alkali ngokuya ngezici ezifana nenani lempahla kanye ne-surface yokungcoliswa kwepayipi lensimbi.
3. Gcina izinga lokushisa lesisombululo se-alkali: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanza i-alkali, izinga lokushisa elifanele lingakhuphula izinga lokusabela kwamakhemikhali, ngaleyo ndlela lithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu lingabangela isisombululo se-alkali ukuthi sihwamuke ngokushesha, kuthinte umphumela wokuhlanza. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lesisombululo se-alkali lidinga ukugcinwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanele.
4. Faka esikhundleni isixazululo se-alkali njalo: Njengoba kuqhubeka ukuhlanzwa kwe-alkali, izithako ezisebenzayo kusixazululo se-alkali zizosetshenziswa kancane kancane, futhi inani elithile lokungcola lizonqwabelana. Ukuqinisekisa umphumela wokuhlanza, isisombululo se-alkali sidinga ukushintshwa njalo.
5. Izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuphepha: Isixazululo se-alkali siyagqwala futhi siyacasula ngezinga elithile. Ama-opharetha kudingeka agqoke izingilazi zokuzivikela, amagilavu, neminye imikhiqizo yokuvikela abasebenzi ukugwema ukuthintana okuqondile nezixazululo ze-alkali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinsiza zokungenisa umoya zidinga ukumiswa endaweni yokuwasha nge-alkali ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala kwesisombululo se-alkali ku-opharetha.

Okwesine, ukubaluleka kanye nokubaluleka kwenqubo yokugeza ipayipi lensimbi alkali
Njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni amapayipi ensimbi, inqubo yokugeza ipayipi yensimbi i-alkali ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinga lamapayipi ensimbi nokwandisa impilo yabo yesevisi. Ngokwelashwa kokugeza i-alkali, ukungcola okufana namafutha nama-oxide ebusweni bamapayipi ensimbi kungasuswa ngokuphumelelayo, futhi ukuhlanzeka nokusebenza okulwa nokugqwala kwamapayipi ensimbi kungathuthukiswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukugeza kwe-alkali kungabuye kuthuthukise i-microstructure yendawo yepayipi yensimbi, inikeze isisekelo esihle sokumboza okulandelayo noma ukwelashwa okulwa nokugqwala. Ngakho-ke, ekukhiqizeni amapayipi ensimbi, ukunakwa okuphelele kufanele kukhokhwe kusixhumanisi sokugeza i-alkali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga lamapayipi ensimbi lihlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile.

Kafushane, inqubo yokugeza i-alkali yamapayipi ensimbi iyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebucayi, edinga opharetha ukuba babe nolwazi olucebile lochwepheshe nolwazi olusebenzayo. Ngokuqonda ngokujulile isimiso sokugeza i-alkali, ukuqonda amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo okusebenza okungokoqobo nokusebenzisa ngokuqinile ukucaciswa kokusebenza, singaqinisekisa umphumela kanye nekhwalithi yenqubo yokugeza ipayipi lensimbi futhi sinikeze iziqinisekiso eziqinile zokusebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi okulandelayo.