Ukukhiqizwa kweshubhu elingenamthungo eligoqwe ngokushisayo ngokuvamile kudinga ukushisisa okubili ukusuka ku-billet kuya epayipini lensimbi eliqediwe, okungukuthi, ukushisisa i-billet ngaphambi kokubhoboza kanye nokushisisa kabusha kwepayipi elingenalutho ngemva kokugingqika ngaphambi kokulinganisa. Lapho ukhiqiza amashubhu ensimbi abandayo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-annealing ephakathi ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka okusele kwamapayipi ensimbi. Nakuba inhloso yokushisa ngakunye ihlukile, isithando somlilo singase sihluke, kodwa uma imingcele yenqubo nokulawula ukushisa kokushisa ngakunye kungalungile, ukukhubazeka kuzokwenzeka ku-tube blank (ipayipi lensimbi) futhi kuthinte izinga lensimbi. ipayipi.

Inhloso yokushisa i-tube billet ngaphambi kokubhoboza ukuthuthukisa ipulasitiki yensimbi, ukunciphisa ukumelana nokuguquguquka kwensimbi, nokuhlinzeka ngesakhiwo esihle se-metallographic seshubhu eligoqiwe. Izithando zokushisa ezisetshenziswayo zihlanganisa izithando zokushisa ze-annular, izithando zokushisa ezihamba ngezinyawo, izithando zokushisa eziphansi eziphansi kanye nezithando zokushisa ezingaphansi kwemoto.

Inhloso yokushisisa kabusha ipayipi le-billet ngaphambi kokulinganisa iwukukhuphula futhi kufane izinga lokushisa lepayipi elingenalutho, ukuthuthukisa ipulasitiki, ukulawula ukwakheka kwe-metallographic, nokuqinisekisa izici zemishini zepayipi lensimbi. Isithando somlilo esishisisa ikakhulukazi sihlanganisa isithando sokushisa kabusha esihambayo, isithando somlilo esiqhubekayo se-roller, isithando somlilo esithambekele esingezansi nesithando somlilo esifakwa kabusha sikagesi. Ipayipi lensimbi annealing ukushisa ukushisa inqubo ebandayo rolling iwukuba ukuqeda umsebenzi ukuqina isenzakalo okubangelwa ukusebenza okubandayo ipayipi yensimbi, ukunciphisa ukumelana deformation yensimbi, futhi adale izimo ukucutshungulwa okuqhubekayo kwepayipi yensimbi. Izithando zokushisa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukushisa okubamba ukushisa ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa izindawo zokushisa ezihamba ngezinyawo, iziko lokufudumeza leziko eliqhubekayo kanye neziko lokushisa ngaphansi kwemoto.

Izinkinga ezivamile zokushisisa kwe-tube billet engenamthungo yilezi: ukushisisa okungalingani kwe-tube billet, i-oxidation, i-decarburization, ukushisa ukushisa, ukushisa ngokweqile nokushisa ngokweqile, njll. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ikhwalithi yokushisa yama-tube billets yilezi: izinga lokushisa lokushisa, isivinini sokushisa, ukushisa nokubamba isikhathi, nomkhathi wesithando somlilo.

1. Izinga lokushisa le-tube billet:

Ukusebenza okuyinhloko ukuthi izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu noma liphezulu kakhulu, noma izinga lokushisa lokushisa alilingani. Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, kuzokwandisa ukumelana ne-deformation yensimbi futhi kunciphise ipulasitiki. Ikakhulukazi lapho izinga lokushisa lokushisa lingakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo se-metallographic sensimbi siguqulwa ngokuphelele sibe yizinhlamvu ze-austenite, ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kuzokwanda ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisa eshisayo ye-tube engenalutho. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, i-oxidation eqinile, i-decarburization ngisho nokushisa ngokweqile noma ukushisa ngokweqile kuzokwenzeka ebusweni be-tube blank.

2. Isivinini sokushisa se-Tube billet:

Isivinini sokushisa se-tube billet sihlobene eduze nesenzakalo sokushisa imifantu ye-tube engenalutho. Uma izinga lokushisa lishesha kakhulu, ishubhu elingenalutho lijwayele ukuqhekeka ukushisa. Isizathu esiyinhloko siwukuthi: lapho izinga lokushisa ebusweni be-tube elingenalutho likhuphuka, kunomehluko wokushisa phakathi kwensimbi ngaphakathi kwe-tube engenalutho kanye nensimbi engaphezulu, okuholela ekwandeni okushisayo okungahambisani kwensimbi nokucindezeleka okushisayo. Uma ukucindezeleka okushisayo kudlula ukucindezeleka kokuphuka kwempahla, ukuqhekeka kuzokwenzeka; Imifantu yokushisisa yeshubhu engenalutho ingase ibe khona phezu kweshubhu engenalutho noma ngaphakathi. Lapho ithubhu elingenalutho elinemifantu yokushisa libhoboziwe, kulula ukwenza imifantu noma ukugoqa endaweni yangaphakathi nangaphandle ye-capillary. Izeluleko zokuvimbela: Uma i-tube engenalutho isesezingeni eliphansi lokushisa ngemuva kokungena esithandweni sokushisa, izinga lokushisa eliphansi liyasetshenziswa. Njengoba izinga lokushisa elingenalutho le-tube likhuphuka, izinga lokushisa lingakhuphuka ngokufanele.

3. Isikhathi sokushisa se-Tube billet nesikhathi sokubamba:

Isikhathi sokushisa kanye nesikhathi sokubamba se-tube billet kuhlobene nokukhubazeka kokushisa (i-oxidation ebusweni, i-decarburization, usayizi wokusanhlamvu oqinile, ukushisa ngokweqile noma ngisho nokushiswa ngokweqile, njll.). Ngokuvamile, uma isikhathi sokushisa kweshubhu elingenalutho ekushiseni okuphezulu siside, kungenzeka ukuthi kubangele i-oxidation enzima, ukukhishwa kwe-carburization, ukushisa ngokweqile noma ngisho nokushiswa kakhulu kwendawo, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, ishubhu lensimbi lizochithwa.

Isexwayiso:
A. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-tube billet ishisa ngokulinganayo futhi iguqulwa ngokuphelele ibe isakhiwo se-austenite;
B. I-Carbide kufanele incibilike ibe yizinhlamvu ze-austenite;
C. Izinhlamvu ze-Austenite azikwazi ukuba zimahhadla futhi amakristalu axubile awakwazi ukuvela;
D. Ngemva kokushisa, ishubhu elingenalutho alikwazi ukushiswa ngokweqile noma lishiswe ngokweqile.

Ngamafuphi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokushisisa ye-tube billet futhi kuvinjwe ukukhubazeka kokushisisa, lezi zidingo ezilandelayo zivame ukulandelwa lapho kwakhiwa imingcele yenqubo yokushisa ye-tube billet:
A. Izinga lokushisa lokushisa linembile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo yokubhoboza yenziwa ebangeni lokushisa ngokungena okungcono kakhulu kweshubhu elingenalutho;
B. Izinga lokushisa lokushisisa lifana, futhi lwela ukwenza umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwezikhombisi-ndlela ze-longitudinal neziphambanweni zeshubhu elingenalutho lingabi ngaphezu kuka-±10°C;
C. Kukhona ukulahlekelwa okuncane kokushiswa kwensimbi, futhi i-tube billet kufanele ivinjwe ekufakweni kwe-oxidation ngokweqile, ukuqhekeka kwendawo, ukubopha, njll. ngesikhathi sokushisa.
D. Isistimu yokushisa inengqondo, futhi ukuhlanganiswa okunengqondo kokushisa kokushisa, isivinini sokushisa kanye nesikhathi sokushisa (isikhathi sokubamba) kufanele kwenziwe kahle ukuvimbela i-tube billet ekushiseni noma ngisho nokushiswa ngokweqile.