Izinkinga imbobo wabhekana zivame kakhulu inqubo Welding, Welding materials omiswe, ukugqwala kwesisekelo metal kanye Welding consumables, inqubo Welding ayizinzile uwoyela ngokwanele nokungcola futhi ukuvikela abampofu kuyoba amazinga ehlukene blowholes.Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-weld porosity, i-blowholes isizathu esiyisisekelo kungenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ngokuncibilikisa inani elikhulu legesi, ingxenye yegesi ekushiseleni lapho isikhathi sokuphuma kwekristalu, ukwakheka kwezimbotshana.

Ngokuhambisana nokwakheka kwegesi ekhiqiziwe, i-porosity ensimbi yokushisela ngemuva kokushisela i-hydrogen imbobo kanye ne-CO stomatal.Ngokushisela insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi, imbobo ye-hydrogen endaweni yokushisela esimweni sengxenye enkulu yezimbotshana ezimise okwesikulufu, isipikha esibushelelezi esisodongeni esimise okomlomo uma sibukwa endaweni yokushisela.Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, ukuncibilika kwe-hydrogen kubhavu oncibilikisiwe kanye neconsi lensimbi kuphezulu, ukuqina ngokushesha kwensimbi yokushisela lapho kushiselwa, i-hydrogen iphuze kakhulu ukubaleka, kwakheka kugesi yokushisela.CO isizukulwane izimbobo ngokuyinhloko ngenxa ukusabela metallurgical ukukhiqiza CO igesi esele crystallization ngaphakathi weld.Ukusatshalaliswa kwesisu eduze komumo wekristalu kunokubukeka okufana nezikelemu.Izinto ezithinta izimbotshana zegesi zidalwe i-metallurgy nomsebenzi.Umthelela omkhulu wezici ze-metallurgical of the metallurgical reaction of the welding material in the welding process, uhlobo lomkhathi ovikelayo, impahla okufanele ishiselwe ngaphambi kokushisela isimo sokuqala, isibonelo, umthelela womswakama, ukugqwala kwe-weld porosity. isizukulwane.Inqubo yokushisela njengenqubo ye-metallurgical yokuba nezici ezihlukile kwe-metallurgical evamile, isikhathi esifushane sokuphendula kanye nokuvikela Umkhathi ompofu wedolobha ukuze insimbi yokushisela kanye nesisekelo sensimbi, umehluko wenhlangano omncane ukhona.I-oxidation ye-slag stomatal sensitivity yokumelana ne-weld inethonya elikhulu, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi kokubili i-acidic kanye nesisekelo se-electrode CO stomatal tendency iyanda ngokukhula kwe-slag oxidation ukumelana.Kodwa ukuthambekela komgodi we-hydrogen ngokuphambene nalokho.Kune-CO ngenxa ye-hydrogen esakhiweni sensimbi sokuThobela Ukuthobela evame ukuthathwa icindezelwe ukuze kuzuzwe ukugcina i-slag efanele i-oxidizing hydrogen.Ibuye isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni kwangempela kwe-welding izindlela ezinjalo.Ingezwe ngokwakhiwa kwe-electrode eqinile ye-oxidizing.Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen emgodini kungavinjelwa.I-alkaline electrode yanezelwa i-fluorite, ngokuvamile iqukethe inani elithile le-carbonate.Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, umphumela wokushisa we-arc we-welding we-Fe203 wokubola ukhipha i-O ekhiqizwe i-Fe30 Fe |0 HO ukusabela ekushiseni okuphezulu ukuvuselela i-Fe20, futhi i-H, i-elemental Fe ne-HO FeO ne-H ikhiqizwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ingabonwa ukugqwala kokwakhiwa kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezimbotshana kunomthelela omkhulu.Okuvamile Welding operation Welding Ukucaciswa for ukwakheka weld porosity abe nomthelela othile, kodwa ukuthatha ezibekiweko ezifanele ukusebenza, Welding wamanje, Welding voltage abe nomthelela omncane ukwakheka izimbotshana in the low-carbon steel Welding.

E-low-carbon steel welding, indawo ye-weld fusion, inclusions, izobangela ukwehla kokuqina kwensimbi ye-weld, okwandisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo nokuqhekeka kwe-lamellar.Ukufakwa ku-weld ikakhulukazi ama-oxides, ama-nitrides nama-sulfide.I-oxide inclusions futhi ngokuvamile ikhona ngesimo se-silicate, silica;oxide inclusions elakhiwe ngokuyinhloko ukusabela metallurgical ngenxa inqubo Welding, inqubo Welding langempela ku impahla Welding bese ukhetha izimo ezifanele ngenxa yokusebenza okungafanele Welding exutshwe weld oxide inclusions kuyinto encane.I-Nitride exutshwe ngokuyinhloko i-N ekushiseleleni insimbi ene-carbon ephansi, insimbi yokushisela i-Fe4N igxuma ngesikhathi sokuguga, ifomu efana nenaliti esatshalaliswa ohlangeni noma ngemingcele yokusanhlamvu, okuholela ekwehleni kokuqina kwensimbi yokushisela.I-carbon steel welding ephansi, umthombo we-nitrogen emkhathini ozungezile, okungukuthi ukusuka emkhathini ozungezile kwangena i-weld puddle ngenkathi igesi ye-nitrogen ibangelwa ukufakwa kanye nokuvikelwa okungalungile kwenqubo yokushisela ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-nitride inclusions.Isibabule se-sulfide ngokuvamile sivela ezintweni zokushisela, ezifana ne-welding rod coating, flux, weld sulfide MnS kanye ne-FeS.Ukufakwa kwe-Weld kubangela ukukhiqizwa kwe-welding yangempela ngokuvamile: ukukhethwa kwe-welding okungalungile noma okungenangqondo;imininingwane ye-welding engalungile, njenge-welding current, i-welding voltage engalungile okuholela ku-slag kunzima ukukhuphuka;i-tack welding kanye ne-multi-welding, i-weld ayiyona i-slag ehlanzekile;i-welding, i-engeli ye-electrode kanye nebha yokuthutha ayifanelekile insimbi encibilikisiwe ne-slag exutshwe ndawonye;ukusebenza kabi kokuvikelwa kwe-weld pool, umoya wokuvikela ukungena kwe-welding.

Izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe zokuvimbela ukukhubazeka kokushisela kwepayipi lensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokushisela kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kanye nokwakheka kwensimbi ye-weld, enokubaluleka okubaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni amaphutha okushisela.Izici zenqubo zihlanganisa izici zokucaciswa kwe-welding, uhlobo lokusebenza lwamanje kanye ne-welding.Ukukhethwa okufanelekile kokunikezwa kwamandla we-welding we-welding materials kuyisidingo sokuqala sokuvimbela ukukhubazeka kwe-welding.Ukushintshwa kwemishini yokushisela ngokushesha okukhulu, ngenxa yentuthuko esheshayo yobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi, umthombo wamandla wokushisela nawo ubhekene noshintsho olukhulu.Ukuze ezejwayelekile ongaphakeme carbon steel ipayipi Welding materials, ezejwayelekile imishini Welding ukwakhiwa.Kodwa ukusebenza kahle kwedivayisi okubangelwa akukwazi ukushaywa indiva.Kufanele ulungiselele izimo zemishini yezakhiwo eziqondiswe ezilinganisweni zenqubo yokushisela.Kubandakanya ukucaciswa kwe-welding, uhlobo lwamanje, imisebenzi yokushisela, i-groove kanye nezidingo zenqubo yokuhlanza isendlalelo.Imininingwane ye-welding ihlanganisa i-welding current, i-welding voltage, isivinini sokushisela kanye neminye imingcele.Imisebenzi yokushisela kufanele yenziwe ngendlela evamile.Endabeni ye-welding voltage.Ukwanda kwamanje kwe-welding kuzoholela ekwandeni kokujula kokungena kokugeza okuncibilikisiwe;esimweni se-welding current, ukunyuka kwe-welding voltage kuzoholela ekwandeni kobubanzi bokuncibilika kokugeza;kodwa ukwanda kwamanje.Umphumela ekuguqukeni kwe-arc izinhlayiya zensimbi ezincibilikisiwe ziyancipha.Isilinganiso sendawo engaphezulu siyakhula, igesi emuncwa ukuguquka kwezinhlayiya zensimbi ezincibilikisiwe Ukwanda kokuthambekela kwesisu;I-arc voltage ebangelwa ukwanda komkhathi ovikelayo we-welding wehla, umoya ongaphandle ungene kalula;isivinini Welding landa, ukuze isivinini crystallization anda, kodwa futhi kulula ukwenza igesi residual Ukuthambekela anda ukudala izimbobo ensimbi weld.Ngakho-ke, ngangokunokwenzeka ukugcina izinkambiso ezijwayelekile zokwakha zivumela ukukhiqizwa kwamaphutha.