Okokuqala, yehlisa izinga lokushisa lokushisa.

Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa elicishayo lokushisisa le-hypereutectoid carbon steel lingu-30~50℃ ngaphezu kwe-Ac3, futhi izinga lokushisa elicishayo le-eutectoid ne-hypereutectoid carbon steel lingu-30~50℃ ngaphezu kwe-Ac1. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lweminyaka yamuva luqinisekisile ukuthi ukushisa nokucisha insimbi ye-hypoeutectoid endaweni ye-α + γ yezigaba ezimbili ephansi kancane kune-Ac3 (okungukuthi, ukucisha izinga lokushisa elingaphansi) kungathuthukisa amandla nokuqina kwensimbi, kunciphise izinga lokushisa eliphukayo. , futhi kuqede ulaka. Izinga lokushisa lokushisa lokucisha lingancishiswa ngo-40°C. Ukusebenzisa ukushisa okuphansi kwesikhathi esifushane kanye nokucisha insimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu kunganciphisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ye-austenite futhi kusize ukuthola i-lath martensite ngamandla amahle kanye nokuqina. Ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuqina kwayo kodwa futhi inciphisa isikhathi sokushisa. Kwamanye amagiya okudlulisela, i-carbonitriding isetshenziswa esikhundleni se-carburizing. Ukumelana nokugqoka kukhuphuka ngo-40% kuya ku-60% futhi amandla okukhathala akhuphuka ngo-50% kuya ku-80%. Isikhathi sokungcwatshwa kwe-co-carburizing siyalingana, kodwa izinga lokushisa le-co-carburizing (850°C) liphakeme kunalelo lokungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing. Izinga lokushisa (920℃) liphansi ngo-70℃, futhi linganciphisa nokonakala kokwelashwa kokushisa.

Okwesibili, nciphisa isikhathi sokushisa.

Inkambiso yokukhiqiza ibonisa ukuthi isikhathi sokushisa esivamile esinqunywa ngokusekelwe ebukhulu obusebenzayo bocezu lokusebenza siyalondoloza, ngakho-ke i-coefficient yokushisisa α kufomula yesikhathi sokubamba sokushisisa τ = α·K·D idinga ukulungiswa. Ngokusho kwemingcele yenqubo yokwelapha yendabuko, uma kushiswa ku-800-900 ° C esithandweni somoya, inani le-α linconywa ukuba libe ngu-1.0-1.8 min/mm, okugcina. Uma inani lika-α lingancishiswa, isikhathi sokushisa singafinyezwa kakhulu. Isikhathi sokushisa kufanele sinqunywe ngokuhlolwa okusekelwe kusayizi wensimbi yokusebenza, inani lokushaja kwesithando somlilo, njll. Uma imingcele yenqubo ethuthukisiwe isinqunyiwe, kufanele isetshenziswe ngokucophelela ukuze kuzuzwe izinzuzo ezibalulekile zezomnotho.

Okwesithathu, khansela ukufudumala noma ukunciphisa inani lokufutheka.

Khansela ukushiswa kwensimbi ye-carburized. Isibonelo, uma iphinikhodi ye-carburized piston enezinhlangothi ezimbili yesilayishi sensimbi engu-20Cr isetshenziselwa ukukhansela ukufudumala, umkhawulo wokukhathala walowo othukuthele ungakhuphuka ngo-16%; uma ukushiswa kwensimbi ye-carbon martensitic ephansi kukhanseliwe, iphinikhodi ye-bulldozer izoshintshwa. Isethi yenziwe lula ukusebenzisa isimo esicinyiwe sensimbi engu-20 (i-carbon martensite ephansi), ubulukhuni buzinzile cishe ku-45HRC, amandla omkhiqizo nokumelana nokugqoka kuthuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi ikhwalithi izinzile; insimbi enesivinini esikhulu inciphisa inani lokufudumeza, njengama-W18Cr4V amasaha omshini wensimbi asebenzisa i-Fire tempering eyodwa (560℃×1h) ithatha indawo yokushisa okungokwesiko okuphindwe kathathu okungu-560℃×1h, futhi impilo yesevisi ikhuphuka ngo-40%.

Okwesine, sebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi nelimaphakathi esikhundleni sezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

Insimbi yesakhiwo se-carbon alloy emaphakathi noma emaphakathi isebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo neliphansi esikhundleni sokufudumeza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze kutholwe ukumelana okuphezulu kwemithelela eminingi. I-W6Mo5Cr4V2 steel Φ8mm drill bit ingaphansi kokufutheka kwesibili ku-350℃×1h+560℃×1h ngemva kokucisha, futhi ukuphila kokusika kwe-drill bit kukhuphuka ngo-40% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-drill bit eshisiwe izikhathi ezintathu ku-560℃×1h. .

Okwesihlanu, kunciphisa ngokunengqondo ukujula kwesendlalelo se-seepage

Umjikelezo wokwelapha ukushisa kwamakhemikhali mude futhi udla amandla amaningi. Uma ukujula kwesendlalelo sokungena kungancishiswa ukuze kufinyezwe isikhathi, kuyindlela ebalulekile yokonga amandla. Ukujula kwesendlalelo esiqinile okudingekayo kwanqunywa ukulinganiswa kokucindezeleka, okubonisa ukuthi ungqimba lwamanje oluqinile lwalujule kakhulu futhi kuphela u-70% wokujula kwesendlalelo esiqinile esivamile kwakwanele. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-carbonitriding inganciphisa ukujula kongqimba ngo-30% kuya ku-40% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-carburizing. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma ukujula kokungena kulawulwa emkhawulweni ophansi wezidingo zobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, i-20% yamandla ingasindiswa, futhi isikhathi nokuguqulwa kungancishiswa.

Okwesithupha, sebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali evacuum

Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali okunokushisa okuphezulu kuwukwenyusa izinga lokushisa lokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ngaphansi kwezimo eziwumngcingo lapho izinga lokushisa lokusebenza livumela futhi izinhlamvu ze-austenite zensimbi okufanele zifakwe zingakhuli, ngaleyo ndlela kusheshise kakhulu isivinini se-carburization. Ukwenyusa izinga lokushisa le-carburizing lisuka ku-930 ℃ liye ku-1000 ℃ lingakhuphula isivinini sokungcwatshwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-2. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi kusenezinkinga eziningi, intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ilinganiselwe. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali e-vacuum kwenziwa endaweni yesigaba segesi esinengcindezi embi. Ngenxa yokuhlanzwa kwendawo yokusebenza ngaphansi kwe-vacuum kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu, izinga lokungena landa kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-vacuum carburizing ingakhuphula umkhiqizo izikhathi ezi-1 kuye kwezi-2; lapho i-aluminium ne-chromium ingena ku-133.3 × (10-1 kuya ku-10-2) Pa, izinga lokungena linganyuswa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-10.

Okwesikhombisa, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali e-ion

Kuyinqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kwamakhemikhali esebenzisa ukukhishwa okukhanyayo phakathi kwendawo yokusebenza (i-cathode) kanye ne-anode ukuze kungene kanyekanye izakhi ezizongeniswa endaweni yesigaba segesi equkethe izinto ezizongeniswa ngengcindezi engaphansi kwe-atmosphere eyodwa. Okufana ne-ion nitriding, i-ion carburizing, i-ion sulfurizing, njll., enezinzuzo zejubane lokungena elisheshayo, ikhwalithi enhle, nokonga amandla.

Okwesishiyagalombili, sebenzisa i-induction self-tempering

I-induction self-tempering isetshenziswa esikhundleni sokufudumeza esithandweni. Njengoba ukushisa kwe-induction kusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa ukushisa ngaphandle kwesendlalelo sokucisha, ukushisa okusele akususwa ngesikhathi sokucisha nokupholisa ukuze kuzuzwe ukushisa kwesikhashana. Ngakho-ke, iyonga kakhulu amandla futhi isetshenziswe ezinhlelweni eziningi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (ezifana ne-carbon steel high kanye ne-high carbon high alloy steel), ukucima ukuqhekeka kungagwenywa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma ipharamitha yenqubo ngayinye inqunywa, ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kungafinyelelwa, futhi izinzuzo zezomnotho zibalulekile.

Okwesishiyagalolunye, sebenzisa i-post-forging preheating kanye nokucisha

Ukushisa kuqala nokucisha ngemva kokufoja akukwazi nje ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okwelapha ukushisa nokwenza lula inqubo yokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza komkhiqizo. Ukusebenzisa ukucisha ukushisa kwemfucuza kwangemva kokubumba + ukushisa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu njengokwelashwa kusengaphambili kungaqeda ukushiyeka kokucisha ukushisa kwemfucuza kwangemva kokwenziwa njengokwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina kwezinhlamvu ezimahhadla kanye nokuba namandla okunomthelela omubi. Kuthatha isikhathi esifushane futhi kunokukhiqiza okuphezulu kune-spheroidizing annealing noma ukukhishwa okuvamile. Ukwengeza, Izinga lokushisa lokushisa eliphezulu liphansi kunalelo lokunciphisa nokushisa, ngakho-ke linganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi imishini ilula futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokujwayelekile okujwayelekile, ukushisa okuyinsalela okujwayelekile ngemuva kokubumba akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa amandla ensimbi kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina kwepulasitiki, futhi kunciphise izinga lokushisa elibandayo kanye nokuzwela kwenotshi. Isibonelo, insimbi engu-20CrMnTi ingashiswa ku-730~630℃ ngo-20℃/h ngemva kokufoja. Ukupholisa okusheshayo kuzuze imiphumela emihle.

Okweshumi, sebenzisa i-surface quenching esikhundleni se-carburizing kanye nokucisha

Ucwaningo oluhlelekile lwezakhiwo (njengamandla amile, amandla okukhathala, ukumelana nokushayisana okuningi, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okusalayo) kwensimbi ye-carbon steel ephakathi nendawo nephezulu enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungu-0.6% kuya ku-0.8% ngemva kokucisha imvamisa ephezulu kubonisa ukuthi ukucisha induction kungaba esetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni sokungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing. Ukwelashwa kungenzeka ngokuphelele. Sisebenzise i-40Cr steel high-frequency quenching ukuze senze amagiya e-gearbox, sithathela indawo yensimbi yokuqala engu-20CrMnTi yokuvala nokucisha amagiya, futhi sazuza impumelelo.

11. Sebenzisa ukushisisa kwendawo esikhundleni sokufudumeza konke

Kwezinye izingxenye ezinezidingo zobuchwepheshe zasendaweni (ezifana nobubanzi be-shaft yegiya elingagugi, ububanzi berola, njll.), izindlela zokushisisa zasendaweni ezifana nokushisisa isithando sokugeza, ukushisisa okungeniswayo, ukushisisa ishayela, nokushisisa ilangabi kungasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokushisisa ngokuphelele okunjalo. njengeziko zamabhokisi. , ingakwazi ukufeza ukusebenzisana okufanele phakathi kwezingxenye zokungqubuzana nokuzibandakanya kwengxenye ngayinye, ithuthukise impilo yesevisi yezingxenye, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ifakwe endaweni yokushisisa, inganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukucisha ukwakheka nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Siqonda ngokujulile ukuthi noma ngabe inkampani ingasebenzisa amandla ngokunengqondo futhi ithole izinzuzo ezinkulu zezomnotho ngamandla alinganiselwe kuhilela izici ezifana nokusebenza kahle kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisebenzisa amandla, noma ngabe umzila wobuchwepheshe benqubo unengqondo, nokuthi ingabe ukuphatha kungokwesayensi. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi sicabangele kabanzi ngombono ohlelekile, futhi sonke isixhumanisi asinakuzitshwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho senza inqubo, kufanele futhi sibe nomqondo ophelele futhi sihlanganiswe eduze nezinzuzo zezomnotho zebhizinisi. Asikwazi ukwenza inqubo ngenxa nje yokuhlanganisa inqubo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu namuhla ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho wemakethe.