Dhuumaha birta ah ee kulul ee ka yimaadda tuubada ilaa badeecadda waxay guud ahaan u baahan tahay laba kuleyl, kaas oo tuubada dalool ka hor iyo ka dib kuleylinta iyo rogid dhexroorka tuubada maran ee kulaylka ka hor; wax-soo-saarka qabow-duuban (jiid) marka tuubuhu u baahan yahay isticmaalka jilbis dhexdhexaad ah si loo baabi'iyo walbahaarka haray; birta qaar ka mid ah shuruudaha gaarka ah, si loo hagaajiyo sifooyinka farsamada ee tuubada birta iyo hagaajinta waxqabadka ururinta iyo habka, laakiin sidoo kale daaweynta kulaylka. Tuubbada caadiga ah (tuubo) ciladaha kuleylinta kulaylka aan sinnayn, oksaydhaynta, decarbonization, dildilaaca kululaynta, kulaylka badan, gubasho xad-dhaaf ah.

Tubo dalool hore oo kulul, iyo ujeeddadeedu waa in la hagaajiyo ductility; yaree birta iska caabbinta qallafsan; Siiso qaab-dhismeed wanaagsan ayaa soo wareegaya. Waxaa jira foornada tubbada foornada annular, foornada dib u kululaynta, foornada dabka ee u janjeedha iyo foornada hoose ee baabuurta. Marka la eego yaraanta dhexroorka tuubada ka hor dib u kululaynta, kaas oo ujeedadiisu tahay in la kordhiyo heerkulka tuubada iyo yaraanta a uniform iyo hagaajinta ductility ee birta, xakameen microstructure ay, abuuraan xaalado wanaagsan ee cabbirka tuubada hooyada iyo in la hubiyo sifooyinka farsamo ee birta. Nooca caadiga ah ee dib u kululaynta foornada jaranjarada foornada, foornada dib-u-kuleelka foornada ee joogtada ah, foornada foornada kuleyliyaha ah, foornada dib-u-kuleelka inductive. Qabow-duuban (jiid) dib u kululaynta adkaynta inta badan si loo baabi'iyo, loo yareeyo caabbinta qallafsanaanta. Foornada dib-u-celinta ee caadiga ah waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa dib-u-kuleylinta foornada, foornada hoose ee baabuurka, foornada dabka roliga ee joogtada ah. Soo saarista tuubooyinka birta ah ee aan kala go 'lahayn, foornada annular iyo foornada dib u kululaynta ayaa hadda ah tan ugu ballaaran ee loo isticmaalo; foornada induction koronto ayaa sidoo kale la sameeyay; foornada kululaynta ee u janjeerta sababtoo ah tayadu maaha mid sare, xoog badan waxayna u egtahay in la tirtiro. Foornada qaboojiyaha rullalulatada joogtada ah waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa qabow-duuban (jiid) daaweynta kulaylka ee birta; foornada hoose ee baabuurka oo ku habboon qaybo yaryar, wakhtiga daaweynta kulaylku waa kuleyl dheer iyo dahaarka tuubo bir ah oo qaro weyn leh; Gaaska ilaalinta foornada dabka rullaluistemadka joogtada ah waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa dusha birta waxay u baahan tahay daawaynta kulaylka iyo birta qabow dhammaatay iyada oo aan oksaydh (jiid) lagu jiro habka pickling annealing.