Si loo hubiyo in L245DhuumahaDhuumaha birta waxay leedahay xoog daal sare leh, xoog cadaadis leh, qallafsanaan dusha sare ah, iyo nolosha adeegga dheer, noocyada kala duwan ee aan biraha ahayn sida ku-darka oksaydhka, sulfide inclusions, iyo dhibcaha dhibcaha ee birta waa in si adag loo xakameeyo inta u dhaxaysa;homogeneity of carbide kala duwan ee birta (sida dareeraha carbide, carbide strip, band carbide, iyo carbide network, iwm) waa in la xakameeyo gudahood heerka.

Dhumucda lakabka decarbonized ee dusha sare ee birta birta ah ee la dhammeeyey ka dib habaynta kulul waa in la yareeyo;qaabka weyneynta hoose ee makroscopic ee birta waa in guud ahaan dabacsan.Xaruntu way luminaysaa, heerka kala soociddu waa inay ahaataa mid yar.Xumbo-god-hoosaadka, godadka yaraynta, Ku darida, iyo dildilaaca.Birta la jeexjeexay ayaa looga baahan yahay inay lahaato labbis iyo qaab-dhismeedka pearlite oo wareegsan.

1. Shuruudaha dusha sare

Si loo hubiyo in dusha sare ee wax-soo-saarku yahay mid aan cillad lahayn, dusha sare ee alaabta birta ah waa inay ahaataa mid siman oo aan lahayn cillado sida dildilaaca, nabarrada, laalaabista, godadka, iyo xagashada.

2. Shuruudaha cabbirka

Dhamaystirka birta xajinta, si sax ah loo gooyo alaabta ceeriin oo loo farsameeyo cabbirka qaybta loo baahan yahay, saxnaanta cabbirka ee alaabta birta ah ayaa sidoo kale si adag loogu baahan yahay, qaabka alaabta la dhammeeyey ayaa sidoo kale loo baahan yahay inay noqoto mid toosan.