Zowonongeka zapaipi zocheperako zikutsatira pansipa

Kupweteka

Chimodzi mwa zolakwika zachitsulo pamwamba, ntchito ya mankhwala pamwamba chipsera ngati zojambulazo.Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi lilime, chipika kapena mamba komanso kugawa kosakhazikika.Kukula kwa zipsera, mithunzi yoyambira pansi nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa.Kugudubuzika zipsera chifukwa chipsera amatchedwa kugudubuzika, kugawira malo, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwambiri chimodzimodzi, pali zambiri zolakwika pakhungu okusayidi pansi.General metallurgical mankhwala pamwamba salola scarring.

Malo oyera

Mu asidi leaching wa zopinga zitsanzo anasonyeza madontho oyera a kukula kosiyana za zolakwika mkati.Choyera chowoneka bwino, chosalala komanso chokwezeka pang'ono, makamaka mkatikati mwa kukula kwakukulu komanso kukulungidwa kwa aloyi ndi kugubuduza.Chifukwa n'chakuti mankhwala zikuchokera woyera m'goli tsankho ndi kaphatikizidwe ena alloying zinthu.Sikophweka dzimbiri chifukwa cha zolakwika mu asidi leaching kuoneka ngati mawanga oyera pa chitsanzo.Njira imatengedwa kuteteza leukoplakia kuyenga, argon oyambitsa kuti wogawana zosakaniza, ntchito ingot kuponyera luso kapena kulamulira mlingo kuzirala kupewa kusanthula madzimadzi.

Pipe lamination

Mapangidwe kulekana kwa mabungwe akuluakulu alipo pa zitsulo gawo lapansi, ndi chilema mkati zitsulo pulasitiki processing mankhwala.Kulekanitsa pamwamba kufanana ndi processing pamwamba, longitudinal ndi mtanda zigawo anasonyeza yaitali mng'alu, pali pang'ono sanali zitsulo inclusions mu ming'alu ndi tsankho, kuwononga kukhulupirika kwa gawo lapansi zitsulo.Stratification ndi chifukwa shrinkage, mng'alu, kuwira kuwira pulasitiki processing zolakwika ndi kutalikitsa, elongated, ndi kulephera weld mapangidwe.

Tsitsi kusweka

Chimodzi mwa zolakwika zachitsulo pamwamba, ntchito ya mankhwala pamwamba mizere aubweya.Zing'onozing'ono kuposa ming'alu yosaya motsatira njira yogudubuza yomwazika kapena m'magulu.Hairline ndi mankhwala omwe amalola zolakwika, koma kuya kwake kuyenera kugwirizana ndi miyezo yoyenera.

Banded orientation

Cholakwika chimodzi muzitsulo, zitsulo zotentha zotentha za carbon mu microstructure, zimakonzedwa molingana ndi njira yogubuduza, kugawa kosanjikiza kwa mbewu za ferrite ndi pearlite monga mzere.Izi ndi chifukwa zimachitika zitsulo pa kuzirala pambuyo otentha anagubuduza mu ferrite ndi choyambirira ndi sanali zitsulo inclusions dendritic tsankho Mzere kupitirira kuchokera mapangidwe, chifukwa mu mapangidwe ferrite n'kupanga, n'kupanga ferrite gawo kusintha pakati pearlite, awiri. magawo mu gawo logawa.Choncho kukhalapo kwa gulu la gulu la chitsulo chosagwirizana ndi chitsulo ndi mphamvu zake zachitsulo, mapangidwe a anisotropy, ductility otsika a chitsulo, ndi kuchepetsa kulimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuzizira kosayenera, kupondaponda kwa zidutswa, kusinthika kosavuta panthawi ya kutentha mankhwala zitsulo zotsatira zoipa.

Zowonongeka pamwamba

Mu zitsulo ndi sanali aloyi aloyi zinthu pamwamba ndi zimakhudza khalidwe la mankhwala zophophonya zosiyanasiyana ambiri.Mitundu yambiri ya zolakwika zapamtunda, makamaka mu morphology ya cholakwikacho kutchula dzina, ndi zina mwazoyambitsa zomwe zimatchulidwa.Njira zopangira nthawi zambiri zopangira zinthu zosalongosoka m'magulu awiri.Chimodzi ndi zolakwika zoyipa zachitsulo, monga kulekanitsa, zilonda, ming'alu, ming'alu, tsitsi, thovu, ndi zina zotero. Zambiri mwa zolakwikazi zimayamba chifukwa cha khalidwe loipa la ingot.Kulakwitsa kwina ndi kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa makina, kuphatikiza kupindika, makutu, pitting, ma convex hull, scratches, dents, kukanikizidwa mu sikelo ya oxide, burrs, ndi zina zambiri, zolakwika izi zimapangidwira popanga pulasitiki kuphatikiza.

Burr

Mmodzi wa zitsulo pamwamba chilema, kuwonetseredwa monga mabala ozizira, otentha macheka zitsulo malekezero akusowa kapena lawi kudula burr, pamene extruded chitoliro welds ndi owonjezera zitsulo.Zozizira zodulidwa zimatengera makulidwe a malekezero a burr kusiyana pakati pa tsamba.General mankhwala kulola mlingo wina wa glitches kukhalapo;Koma mkati ndi kunja burr pipeni iyenera kuchotsedwa.