Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kufotokozera (Zopanda Msoko):

Chithandizo cha kutentha kwa chitoliro chozizira chosasunthika chachitsulo:

(1) ozizira kukopeka zitsulo annealing: amatanthauza zinthu zitsulo ndi usavutike mtima ndi kutentha yoyenera, kukhalabe nthawi, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono utakhazikika kutentha mankhwala ndondomeko.Njira zodziwikiratu ndizo: recrystallization annealing, kuchepetsa nkhawa, kupindika mpira, kutsekereza kwathunthu ndi zina zotero.Cholinga cha annealing: makamaka kuchepetsa kuuma zinthu zitsulo, kusintha plasticity, kapena kudula processing kuti Liqie kuthamanga processing, kuchepetsa nkhawa otsala ndi kusintha yunifolomu microstructure ndi zikuchokera, kutentha mankhwala, pambuyo zotheka kapena kukonzekera minofu.

(2) ozizira kukokedwa zitsulo normalizing: amatanthauza Kutentha kwa chitsulo kapena chitsulo Ac3 kapena Acm (kutentha kwambiri chitsulo) pa 30 ~ 50℃, Pambuyo pa nthawi yoyenera kuti mukhale ozizira mu mpweya wokhazikika mu ndondomeko ya kutentha kwa kutentha .Cholinga cha normalizing: makamaka kusintha mawotchi zimatha otsika mpweya zitsulo kusintha machinability, tirigu kuyenga, kuchotsa zilema minofu, kukonzekera kutentha mankhwala, pambuyo kukonzekera minofu.

(3) ozizira kukokedwa zitsulo kuumitsa: amatanthauza mkangano zitsulo Ac3 kapena Ac1 (otsika kutentha kwambiri zitsulo) pamwamba pa kutentha kwa nthawi inayake, ndiyeno kuzirala koyenera kupeza martensite (kapena nkhono Kutentha Mankhwala a thupi) minofu.Common kusamba mchere quenching ndondomeko ali anaumitsa, martensitic quenching, Austempering, pamwamba kuumitsa ndi tsankho kuzimitsa.Kuzimitsa cholinga: kupanga zitsulo zofunika kupeza martensite kusintha workpiece kuuma, mphamvu ndi kuvala kukana, kutentha mankhwala, pambuyo kukonzekera bungwe ndi kukonzekera.

(4) ozizira kukopa zitsulo anapsa: kuti pambuyo anaumitsa zitsulo, ndiyeno usavutike mtima ndi kutentha m'munsimu Ac1, akugwira nthawi, ndiyeno utakhazikika kwa firiji, ndondomeko kutentha mankhwala.Njira yodziwika bwino yotenthetsera ndi: kutenthetsa, kutenthetsa, kutenthetsa ndi kutenthetsa zambiri.Cholinga cha kutentha: makamaka chitsulo chimachotsa kupsinjika komwe kumapangidwa panthawi yozimitsa, chitsulo chokhala ndi kuuma kwambiri komanso kukana kuvala, komanso chimakhala ndi pulasitiki yofunikira komanso kulimba.

(5) Chitsulo chozizira chozimitsidwa: amatanthauza kuzimitsa ndi kutentha kwachitsulo kapena chitsulo chophatikizika chachitsulo.Ntchito quenching anati chitsulo kuzimitsidwa ndi mtima zitsulo.Nthawi zambiri amatanthauza kapangidwe ka kaboni kachitsulo kachitsulo ndi chitsulo cha aloyi.

(6) ozizira kukopeka zitsulo mankhwala mankhwala: amatanthauza zitsulo kapena aloyi workpieces anaikidwa mu kutentha zonse ya yogwira sing'anga kutentha, kuti chimodzi kapena zingapo zinthu pamwamba pake kusintha mankhwala zikuchokera, microstructure ndi katundu wa ndondomeko kutentha mankhwala. .Njira zochizira kutentha kwamankhwala ndi: carburizing, nitriding, carbonitriding, aluminized boron kulowa.Cholinga cha mankhwala mankhwala: Chachikulu ndi kukonza zitsulo pamwamba kuuma, kukana kuvala, kukana dzimbiri, kutopa mphamvu ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni kukana.

(7) ozizira kukopeka zitsulo njira mankhwala: kuti aloyi ndi usavutike mtima kwa mkulu kutentha umodzi gawo dera kukhalabe kutentha zonse, kuti owonjezera gawo mokwanira kusungunuka mu olimba njira pambuyo kuzirala mofulumira, kuti adutse supersaturated. olimba njira kutentha mankhwala ndondomeko.Cholinga cha njira yothetsera mankhwala: makamaka kusintha ductility ndi kulimba kwa zitsulo ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo, kukonzekera mpweya kuumitsa mankhwala ndi zina zotero.

Phosphate zokutira pojambula machubu tsopano apangidwa ndi zolemera za 4-10

g/m².Izi zathandiza kuti chithandizo chapamwamba chikhale chothandiza komanso, nthawi yomweyo, kupewa zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika pagawo loyamba lojambulira pomwe zokutira za phosphate coarser-crystalline zimapezeka.Coatingis yabwino kwambiri yochokera ku nitrate/nitrite imathandizira zinc hosphate, yopangidwa pa 40-75°C. Kumapeto kwa kutentha kumeneku, njira ilipo yogwiritsira ntchito makina amtundu wa nitrate wodzipangira okha.Masamba osambira a chlorate accelerated zinc phosphate amapezekanso.Nthawi zonse, mawonekedwe omwe amawakonda a phosphate pojambula kuzizira kwa chubu ndi gawo ndizomwe zimatsatira koma zofewa.Pojambula machubu owotcherera, msoko uyenera kugwa pansi.Pankhani ya diameter yaing'ono, izi sizingatheke mkati mwa makina owotcherera.Nthawi zina, pangakhale mapindikidwe kuti apereke gawo linalake.Popeza, monga lamulo, zofooka zochepa kwambiri zimatha kulekerera ndi welded, mosiyana ndi

machubu opanda msoko, kugwiritsa ntchito phosphating kuli ponseponse, zolemera zokutira zimakhala za dongosolo la 1.5 - 5 g/m².Izi zimatengera malo osambira a zinc phosphate omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa 50 ndi 75°C yokhala ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa zokutira zoonda kwambiri.Phosphating imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga chubu lachitsulo chosakanizidwa kapena chochepa chokhala ndi chromium mpaka 4-6%.Zovala zotere zimapereka ubwino wambiri, zonse zomwe zimachokera ku zitsulo zochepetsedwa mpaka- kukhudzana kwachitsulo pakati pa machubu ndi kufa.Chifukwa chake, kuwonongeka kwa kuwotcherera kozizira, komwe kumatsogolera ku grooving kapena kupanga ming'alu, kumachepetsedwa, zida ndi moyo wakufa umakulitsidwa ndipo mitengo yojambulira yapamwamba ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.Kupaka kwa zinc phosphate kumathandizanso kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu pakudutsa.

Kuchiza pamwamba kumachitika pomiza m'mizere iyi:

•Kutentha kwa alkaline.

•Madzi kutsuka.

•Kusakaniza mu sulfuric kapena hydrochloric acid.

•Madzi kutsuka.

•Neutralization pre-muzimut.

•Phosphating.

•Madzi kutsuka

•Neutralizing muzimutsuka.

•Kupaka mafuta.

•Kuyanika ndi kusunga.