1. Chidule cha zinthu zoziziritsa kukhosi: Zitsulo zoziziritsa kukhosi zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zopindika zotentha. Pambuyo pickling, pamwamba khalidwe ndi ntchito zofunika kuzifutsa zitsulo mbale ndi wapakatikati mankhwala pakati pa mbale otentha adagulung'undisa zitsulo ndi ozizira adagulung'undisa zitsulo mbale. Poyerekeza ndi mbale zachitsulo zoyaka moto, ubwino wa mbale zazitsulo zoziziritsa kukhosi makamaka: zabwino pamwamba, kulondola kwapamwamba, kutsirizika kwapamwamba, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, komanso kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha pickling-omwazikana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, poyerekeza ndi zinthu zowotcha, zowotcha zimakhala zosavuta kuwotcherera chifukwa sikelo ya oxide yachotsedwa, komanso imathandizira kuchiritsa pamwamba monga kupaka mafuta ndi kupenta. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wa zinthu zowotcha ndi FA, zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi FB, ndipo zoziziritsa kuzizira ndi FB/FC/FD. Zopangira zoziziritsa kukhosi zimatha kulowa m'malo mwa zoziziritsa kuzizira kuti zipange zida zina, ndiye kuti, kutentha m'malo ozizira.

2. Zowonongeka zamba zazitsulo zofutsa:
Zowonongeka zodziwika bwino za mbale zachitsulo zofutsa pakupanga kwake ndizo: kulowetsa sikelo ya okusayidi, mawanga a okosijeni (kupenta pamtunda), kupindika m'chiuno (kusindikiza kopingasa), zokopa, mawanga achikasu, kutsogola pang'ono, pickling mopitilira muyeso, etc. ( Zindikirani: Zolakwika zimalumikizidwa ndi zomwe zimafunikira pamiyezo kapena mapangano okhawo omwe sakwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zimatchedwa zolakwika Kuti kufotokozera kukhale kosavuta, zolakwika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano kuti zilowe m'malo mwa mtundu wina wa morphology.
2.1 Iron oxide indentation indentation: Iron oxide scale indentation ndi vuto la pamwamba lomwe limapangidwa panthawi yotentha. Pambuyo pa pickling, nthawi zambiri amapanikizidwa ngati madontho akuda kapena mizere yayitali, yowoneka bwino, nthawi zambiri imakhudza dzanja, ndipo imawoneka mowirikiza kapena wandiweyani.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa iron oxide zimagwirizana ndi zinthu zambiri, makamaka izi: Kutentha mu ng'anjo yotenthetsera, kutsika, kugudubuza, zinthu zopukutira, ndi dziko, zodzigudubuza, ndi dongosolo logudubuza.
Njira zowongolera: Konzani njira yotenthetsera, yonjezerani kuchuluka kwa zodutsa, ndipo fufuzani nthawi zonse ndikusunga chodzigudubuza ndi chodzigudubuza, kuti mzere wozungulira ukhale wabwino.
2.2 Madontho a okosijeni (zowonongeka popenta malo): Kuwonongeka kwa mawanga a okosijeni kumatanthawuza mawonekedwe owoneka ngati kadontho, ooneka ngati mzere, kapena ngati dzenje lotsalira pambuyo poti sikelo ya iron oxide yomwe ili pamwamba pa koyilo yotentha yatsukidwa. M'mawonekedwe, zikuwoneka ngati mawanga amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chakuti mawonekedwewa ndi ofanana ndi zojambula za malo, amatchedwanso chilema chojambula. Zowoneka, ndi mtundu wakuda wokhala ndi nsonga zosasunthika, zomwe zimagawidwa lonse kapena pang'ono pamwamba pa mbale yachitsulo. Ndilo banga lachitsulo lokhala ndi okosijeni, lomwe ndi zinthu zosanjikiza zomwe zimayandama pamwamba, popanda kukhudza, ndipo zimatha kukhala zakuda kapena zopepuka. Mbali yamdima ndi yovuta kwambiri, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zina pa maonekedwe pambuyo pa electrophoresis, koma sizimakhudza ntchitoyo.
Choyambitsa mawanga a okosijeni (zowonongeka kwa penti): Chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli ndikuti sikelo yachitsulo yokhala ndi okosijeni yomwe ili pamwamba pa chingwe chotenthedwa sichimachotsedwa kwathunthu, ndipo imakanikizidwa m'matrix pambuyo pakugubuduzika, ndipo imawonekera pambuyo pa pickling. .
Njira zowongolera madontho a okosijeni: chepetsa kutentha kwa chitsulo chopopera ng'anjo yotenthetsera, onjezerani kuchuluka kwa njira zodutsamo, ndikukwaniritsa njira yomaliza yoziziritsira madzi.
2.3 Kupinda m'chiuno: Kupindika m'chiuno ndi makwinya opindika, kupindika, kapena rheological zone molunjika komwe akuzungulira. Ikhoza kudziwika ndi diso lamaliseche pamene ikutsegula, ndipo imatha kumveka ndi dzanja ngati ili yovuta.
Zomwe zimapangidwira m'chiuno: Chitsulo chokhala ndi aluminiyamu chochepa cha carbon chili ndi nsanja yokolola. Chitsulo chachitsulo chikatsegulidwa, zotsatira za kusinthika kwa zokolola zimachitika pansi pa kupsinjika kwa kupindika, komwe kumapangitsa kupindika koyambirira kwa yunifolomu kukhala kupindika kosagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiuno chikhale chopindika.
2.4 Mawanga achikasu: Madontho achikasu amawonekera pambali ya chingwe kapena pamwamba pazitsulo zonse zachitsulo, zomwe sizingaphimbidwe pambuyo popaka mafuta, zomwe zimakhudza maonekedwe a malonda.
Zomwe zimachititsa mawanga achikasu: Kugwira ntchito kwa pamwamba pa thanki yomwe yatuluka mu tanki yotolera kumakhala kwakukulu, madzi otsuka amalephera kuchita ngati kutsuka bwino kwa mzerewo, ndipo pamwamba pa mzerewo amakhala ndi okosijeni komanso achikasu; mtengo wopopera ndi nozzle wa tanki yochapira watsekedwa, ndipo ngodya zake sizofanana.
Njira zoyendetsera mawanga achikasu ndi: kuyang'ana nthawi zonse momwe mtengo watsitsi ndi bubu ulili, kuyeretsa mphuno; kuonetsetsa kuthamanga kwa madzi otsuka, etc.
2.5 Zolemba: Pali zokopa zina zakuya pamwamba, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi osakhazikika, omwe amakhudza khalidwe lapamwamba la mankhwala.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kukwapula: kupsinjika kosayenera kwa loop; kuvala kwa nylon; mawonekedwe olakwika a mbale yachitsulo yomwe ikubwera; kukulunga kotayirira kwa mphete yamkati ya koyilo yotentha, etc.
Njira zowongolera zokopa: 1) Wonjezerani kukhazikika kwa lupu moyenera; 2) Yang'anani mawonekedwe a pamwamba pa liner nthawi zonse, ndipo sinthani chingwecho ndi mawonekedwe osadziwika bwino pa nthawi; 3) Konzani koyilo yachitsulo yomwe ikubwera yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino ndi mphete yamkati yomasuka.
2.6 Kutola pansi: Zomwe zimatchedwa under-pickling zikutanthauza kuti sikelo yachitsulo yachitsulo yomwe ili pamwamba pa mzereyo sichotsedwa bwino komanso mokwanira, chitsulo chachitsulo chimakhala chakuda, ndipo pali mamba a nsomba kapena madzi opingasa. .
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchucha: Izi zimagwirizana ndi momwe asidi amachitira komanso momwe chitsulo chimapangidwira. Waukulu kupanga zinthu ndondomeko monga osakwanira asidi ndende, kutentha otsika, mofulumira Mzere kuthamanga liwiro, ndi Mzere sangathe kumizidwa mu njira asidi. Makulidwe a sikelo yotentha ya coil iron oxide simafanana, ndipo koyilo yachitsulo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Kutola pansi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosavuta kuchitika pamutu, mchira, ndi m'mphepete mwa mzerewo.
Njira zowongolera pakusala pang'ono: sinthani kachulukidwe, konzani njira yowotchera yotentha, wongolerani mawonekedwe a mzere, ndikukhazikitsa dongosolo loyenera.
2.7 Kutola mochulukitsitsa: Kutola mopambanitsa kumatanthauza kudulira. Pamwamba pa mzerewu nthawi zambiri pamakhala mdima wakuda kapena bulauni-wakuda, wokhala ndi mawanga akuda kapena achikasu, ndipo pamwamba pazitsulo zachitsulo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowawa.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kukolola mopitirira muyeso: Mosiyana ndi kukolola pang'onopang'ono, kukolola mopitirira muyeso ndikosavuta kuchitika ngati asidi ali wochuluka, kutentha kuli kwakukulu, ndi liwiro la lamba pang'onopang'ono. Malo otolera mochulukira ayenera kuwonekera kwambiri pakati ndi m'lifupi mwa mzerewo.
Njira zowongolera pakutolera mochulukira: Sinthani ndi kukhathamiritsa kachulukidwe, khazikitsani njira yoyenera, ndikuchita maphunziro abwino kuti muwongolere kasamalidwe kabwino.

3. Kumvetsetsa kasamalidwe kabwino kazitsulo zazitsulo zofukiza
Poyerekeza ndi ntchentche zachitsulo zotentha, zowola zitsulo zimakhala ndi njira imodzi yowotchera. Nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kupanga zitsulo zokazinga zokhala ndi khalidwe loyenerera. Komabe, mchitidwe umasonyeza kuti kuonetsetsa khalidwe la kuzifutsa mankhwala, osati pickling mzere ayenera kukhala mu mkhalidwe wabwino, komanso kupanga ndi ntchito udindo wa ndondomeko yapita (steelmaking ndi otentha anagubuduza ndondomeko) ayenera kukhala okhazikika kuti khalidwe. za zida zolowera zotenthedwa zitha kutsimikizika. Choncho, m'pofunika kumamatira ku njira yoyendetsera khalidwe labwino kuti muwonetsetse kuti khalidwe la ndondomeko iliyonse liri mu chikhalidwe chabwino kuti muwonetsetse kuti mankhwala omaliza ali abwino.