Kodi Ma Heat Exchangers ndi chiyani?

Mawu oti "chotenthetsera kutentha" amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza chipangizo chomwe chimathandizira kusamutsa kutentha kuchokera kumadzimadzi kupita ku china popanda kusakaniza ziwirizo. Lili ndi njira ziwiri zosiyana, imodzi yamadzi otentha ndi imodzi yamadzimadzi ozizira, omwe amakhala osiyana pamene akusintha kutentha. Ntchito yayikulu ya chotenthetsera kutentha ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kosawonongeka, kusunga zinthu, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

Mitundu Yodziwika ya Osinthanitsa Kutentha
Shell ndi chubu kutentha exchanger:Izi ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya osinthanitsa kutentha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina a HVAC amalonda. Amakhala ndi machubu angapo otsekeredwa mu chipolopolo. Madzi otentha amayenda m'machubu pamene madzi ozizira amazungulira machubu mkati mwa chipolopolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutentha kwabwino.

Zosinthanitsa kutentha mbale:Osinthanitsa kutentha kwa mbale amagwiritsa ntchito mulu wazitsulo zachitsulo zokhala ndi madera otukuka komanso opsinjika. Madzi otentha ndi ozizira amayenda kudzera munjira zosiyana zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mipata pakati pa mbale, kukulitsa kutentha kwa kutentha chifukwa cha malo akuluakulu.

Zosinthira mpweya ndi mpweya:Zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti mayunitsi obwezeretsa kutentha, zotenthetserazi zimasamutsa kutentha pakati pa zochotsa ndikupereka mitsinje ya mpweya. Amachotsa kutentha kwa mpweya wakale ndikusamutsira ku mpweya wabwino, kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu mwa kusungiratu mpweya wobwera.

Kodi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafakitale kwa Shell ndi Tube Heat Exchanger Ndi Chiyani?
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mafakitale kwa zipolopolo ndi ma chubu osinthanitsa kutentha, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala, chakudya, mafuta ndi gasi ndi madera ena, akufalikira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana potengera kutentha pakati pa madzi awiri popanda kukhudzana mwachindunji. Zina mwazinthu zazikulu zamafakitale a zipolopolo ndi ma chubu osinthira kutentha ndi awa:

Kutentha ndi kuziziritsa m'mafakitale amankhwala
Kuchepetsa ndi kutulutsa mpweya m'mafakitale
Machitidwe obwezeretsa kutentha m'malo opangira magetsi
Machitidwe a HVAC m'nyumba zamalonda ndi zogona
Makina a refrigeration m'mafakitale opangira chakudya
Kuwongolera kwamafuta m'malo opangira mafuta ndi gasi
Ponseponse, zosinthira kutentha kwa zipolopolo ndi ma chubu zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera kutentha komanso kusunga kutentha pamakina osiyanasiyana am'mafakitale.

Ndi Mitundu Yanji Ya Shell ndi Tube Heat Exchanger?
Kwenikweni, pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya zipolopolo ndi zosinthira machubu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:

1. Fixed Tube Sheet Exchanger (L, M, ndi N Type Rear Headers)
Pamapangidwe awa, pepala la chubu limawotchedwa ku chipolopolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zomangamanga zosavuta komanso zachuma. Ngakhale kuti machubu amatha kutsukidwa ndi makina kapena mankhwala, kunja kwa machubu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosafikirika kupatula kuyeretsa mankhwala. Mivumvu yowonjezera ingakhale yofunikira kuti igwirizane ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa chipolopolo ndi zipangizo zamachubu, koma zikhoza kukhala gwero la kufooka ndi kulephera.

2. U-Tube Exchangers
Mu U-Tube exchanger, mitundu yamutu wakutsogolo imatha kusiyanasiyana, ndipo mutu wakumbuyo umakhala mtundu wa M. U-machubu amalola kufalikira kopanda malire, ndipo mtolo wa chubu ukhoza kuchotsedwa kuti uyeretsedwe. Komabe, kuyeretsa mkati mwa machubu ndi njira zamakina kumakhala kovuta, kupangitsa kuti mtundu uwu ukhale woyenera pakugwiritsa ntchito komwe madzi am'mbali mwa chubu amakhala oyera.

3. Floating Head Exchanger (P, S, T, ndi W Type Kumbuyo Mitu)
Mu mtundu uwu wa exchanger, tubesheet kumapeto kwa mutu wakumbuyo sikumangiriridwa ku chipolopolo koma kuloledwa kusuntha kapena kuyandama. Ma chubu omwe ali kumapeto kwa mutu wakutsogolo ndi wokulirapo kuposa chipolopolo ndipo amasindikizidwa mofanana ndi mapangidwe okhazikika a tubesheet.

Kukula kwamafuta kumatha kuthandizidwa, ndipo mtolo wa chubu ukhoza kuchotsedwa kuti uyeretsedwe. S-Type Rear Head ndiye chisankho chodziwika kwambiri chamutu wakumbuyo. Zosinthana zamutu zoyandama ndizoyenera kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwera mtengo poyerekeza ndi masinthidwe okhazikika a tubesheet.

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Zigawo za chipolopolo ndi chubu chotenthetsera kutentha zitha kugawidwa m'magawo awa:

1. Chipolopolo
Chigobacho ndi mbali ya kunja kwa chotenthetsera chomwe chimakhala ndi chubu. Nthawi zambiri ndi chidebe cha cylindrical chopangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena zinthu zina zoyenera

2. Machubu kapena Machubu Mtolo
Kutoleredwa kwa machubu ofananira omwe amayenda kutalika kwa chipolopolo kumapanga mtolo wa chubu. Kutengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, machubu amatha kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mkuwa, kapena titaniyamu. M'mimba mwake ndi makulidwe a machubu nawonso ndizofunikira zopangira.

3. Mapepala a Tube
Mapepala a chubu ndi mapepala olimba omwe amakhala ngati chotchinga pakati pa chubu ndi chipolopolo. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo ndipo amaphatikizidwa ku chipolopolo kuti atsimikizire kuti kutsekedwa kolimba komanso kopanda kutayikira. Machubu amalowetsedwa kudzera m'mabowo a mapepala a chubu ndipo amakulitsidwa kapena kuwotcherera pamalo ake.

4. Zosokoneza
Mabaffles ndi mbale kapena ndodo zomwe zimayikidwa mkati mwa chipolopolo kuti ziwongolere kayendedwe ka madzi kuzungulira chubu. Izi zitha kukhala zotalikirapo kapena zopingasa molunjika ndipo cholinga chake ndi kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya kutumiza kutentha.

5. Mphuno Zolowetsa ndi Zotulutsa
Ma nozzles olowera ndi otulutsira amakhala ngati malo olowera komanso otulutsira madzi muchotenthetsera kutentha. Malumikizidwewa nthawi zambiri amayikidwa kumapeto kwa chipolopolocho ndipo amamangiriridwa ku machubu ndi chipolopolo pogwiritsa ntchito flanges kapena mitundu ina ya zopangira.

6. Zowonjezera Zowonjezera
Malumikizidwe okulitsa ndi zolumikizira zosinthika zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa ndi kutsika kwa chubu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala polowera ndi potuluka potengera kutentha, mfundozi zimamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mvuto wachitsulo kapena zinthu zina zosinthika.

7. Zothandizira Zothandizira
Zothandizira zimagwira zosinthira kutentha pamalo, kuonetsetsa kuti maziko okhazikika. Zothandizira zimatha kukhala zosakhalitsa kapena zokhazikika ndipo zitha kupangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena zida zina.

Shell ndi chubu geometric terminology

Kuyika kwa chubu ndi phula
Machubu amatha kukhala m'mimba mwake kuchokera ku 12.7 mm (0.5 mu) mpaka 50.8 mm (2 mkati), koma 19.05 mm (0.75 mu) ndi 25.4 mm (1 mkati) ndi makulidwe ambiri. Machubu amayalidwa m'mizere ya katatu kapena masikweya mu mapepala a chubu.

Makwerero masanjidwe amafunikira komwe kuli koyenera kufika pa chubu pamwamba pa makina oyeretsa. Makonzedwe a katatu amalola machubu ambiri pamalo operekedwa. Pitch ya chubu ndiye mtunda waufupi kwambiri pakati ndi pakati pakati pa machubu. Kutalika kwa chubu kumaperekedwa ndi chiŵerengero cha chubu phula / chubu m'mimba mwake, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala 1.25 kapena 1.33. Popeza masanjidwe a square amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa, kusiyana kochepa kwa 6.35 mm (0.25 mkati) kumaloledwa pakati pa machubu.

Mitundu yodabwitsa
Ma baffles amaikidwa pambali pa chipolopolo kuti apereke kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha chifukwa cha chipwirikiti chowonjezereka komanso kuthandizira machubu motero kuchepetsa mwayi wowonongeka chifukwa cha kugwedezeka. Pali mitundu ingapo ya baffle, yomwe imathandizira machubu ndikulimbikitsa kuyenda kudutsa machubu.

Single Segmental (izi ndizofala kwambiri),

Double Segmental (izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza kutsika kwa zipolopolo ndi kutsika kwamphamvu),

Diski ndi Doughnut.

Mtunda wapakati ndi pakati pakati pa ma baffles umatchedwa baffle-pitch ndipo izi zitha kusinthidwa kuti zisinthe liwiro la kudutsa. M'zochita zamatsenga phula silikhala lalikulu kuposa mtunda wofanana ndi m'mimba mwake mwa chipolopolo kapena kuyandikira mtunda wofanana ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu m'mimba mwake kapena 50.8 mm (2 mu) chachikulu chilichonse. Kuti madzi aziyenda chammbuyo ndi kutsogolo kudutsa machubu mbali ya baffle imadulidwa. Kutalika kwa gawoli kumatchedwa kuti baffle-cut ndipo amayezedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chipolopolo, mwachitsanzo, 25 peresenti yodula. Kukula kwa baffle-cut (kapena baffle zenera) kuyenera kuganiziridwa pamodzi ndi phula la baffle. Ndizodziwika kuti kukula kwa baffle-cut and baffle pitch kuti ifanane ndi liwiro pawindo ndi kudutsa, motsatana.

Kapangidwe ka makina a chipolopolo ndi chubu chotenthetsera kutentha kumapereka chidziwitso pa zinthu monga makulidwe a zipolopolo, makulidwe a flange, ndi zina zotero. Izi zimawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito code yopangira chotengera chokakamiza monga Boiler ndi Pressure Vessel code kuchokera ku ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) ndi British Master Pressure Vessel Standard, BS 5500. ASME ndi code yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posinthanitsa kutentha ndipo ili m'magawo 11. Gawo la VIII (Zotengera Zotsekeredwa) la code ndilogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa osinthanitsa kutentha koma Gawo II-Zipangizo ndi Gawo V-Kuyesa Kopanda Kuwononga ndizofunikanso.

Onse a ASME ndi BS5500 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso kuvomerezedwa padziko lonse lapansi koma mayiko ena amaumirira kuti ma code awoawo akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pofuna kuyesa ndi kufewetsa izi bungwe la International Standards Organisation tsopano likuyesera kupanga kachidindo katsopano kodziwika padziko lonse lapansi koma kuyenera kukhala kanthawi kuti izi zivomerezedwe.