(1) Khokahano ea node e loketse ho cheselletsa ka ho toba, 'me ha ho hlokahale hore e fete ka poleiti ea node kapa likarolo tse ling tse kopanyang, tse bolokang mosebetsi le thepa.

(2) Ha ho hlokahala, konkreite e ka tšeloa ka phala ho etsa motsoako o motsoako.

(3) Litšobotsi tsa geometri tsa karolo ea liphaephe li ntle, lerako la liphaephe ka kakaretso le tšesaane, thepa ea karolo e ajoa ho pota-potile centroid, radius ea gyration ea karolo e kholo, 'me e na le matla a matla a torsional;e le karolo ea khatello, khatello, le mahlakore a mabeli, matla a eona a ho jara a phahame, 'me ho otloloha ha liphaephe tse entsoeng ka serame le ho nepahala ha litekanyo tse fapaneng li molemo ho feta tsa li-cross-sections tse bulehileng tse chesang.

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(5) Mabapi le litšoaneleho tsa anti-hydrodynamic, karolo ea sefapano sa tube e pota-potileng e molemo, 'me phello ea moea le phallo ea metsi e fokotsehile haholo.Karolo ea li-rectangular tube e tšoana le likarolo tse ling tse bulehileng tabeng ena.

(6) Lipeipi tsa tšepe tse bophara bo boholo li koetse likaroloana;ha palo e tloaelehileng ea botenya le sebaka sa ho pota-pota se tšoana, sebaka se pepeneneng se ka bang 50% ho 60% ea sebaka se bulehileng sa sefapano, se molemo ho thibela kutu 'me se ka boloka lisebelisoa tsa ho roala.