Nthawi zambiri, chitsulo chapaipi chimatanthawuza ma koyilo (zingwe zachitsulo) ndi mbale zachitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi owotcherera othamanga kwambiri, mapaipi ozungulira ozungulira arc, ndi mapaipi owongoka omizidwa ndi msoko.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa mayendedwe a mapaipi ndi kukula kwa mapaipi, chitsulo champhamvu chapaipi (X56, X60, X65, X70, ndi zina zotero) chapangidwa kutengera chitsulo chotsika kwambiri champhamvu kuyambira 1960s. Tekinoloje ya rolling. Powonjezera kufufuza zinthu (chiwerengero chonsecho sichiposa 0.2%) monga niobium (Nb), vanadium (V), titaniyamu (Ti), ndi zinthu zina zophatikizira muzitsulo, komanso poyang'anira kugudubuza, makina onse katundu wa zitsulo bwino kwambiri. Chitsulo chapaipi champhamvu kwambiri ndi chaukadaulo, chowonjezera chamtengo wapatali, ndipo kupanga kwake kumagwira ntchito pafupifupi zonse zatsopano muukadaulo waukadaulo m'munda wazitsulo. Zitha kuwoneka kuti zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi a gasi akutali zimayimira kuchuluka kwamakampani opanga zitsulo kumayiko ena.

Mapaipi a gasi otalikirapo amakhala ndi mavuto monga madera ogwirira ntchito movutirapo, zovuta zachilengedwe, mizere italiitali, kukonza zovuta, komanso kusweka komanso kulephera. Chifukwa chake, zitsulo zamapayipi ziyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zabwino monga kulimba kwambiri, kulimba kwambiri, kutsekemera, kukana kuzizira kwambiri komanso kutentha pang'ono, komanso kukana fracture.

Kusankha chitsulo chapaipi champhamvu kwambiri kapena kukulitsa makulidwe a khoma la mapaipi achitsulo amatha kupangitsa mapaipi a gasi kuti athe kupirira kupanikizika kwambiri, potero kukulitsa mphamvu yotumizira gasi. Ngakhale mtengo wa yaying'ono aloyi mkulu-mphamvu zitsulo mipope zitsulo ndi awiri ofanana ndi za 5% mpaka 10% apamwamba kuposa zitsulo wamba, kulemera kwa chitoliro zitsulo akhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi za 1/3, kupanga ndi kuwotcherera ndondomeko. ndizosavuta, ndipo mtengo wamayendedwe ndi kuika nawonso ndi wotsika. Zochita zatsimikizira kuti mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi achitsulo amphamvu kwambiri ndi pafupifupi 1/2 ya mtengo wa mapaipi wamba achitsulo omwe ali ndi mphamvu yofananira ndi m'mimba mwake, ndipo khoma la chitoliro limaphwanyidwa ndipo kuthekera kwa kuphulika kwa chitoliro ndikotheka. komanso kuchepetsedwa. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa kuti awonjezere mphamvu ya chitoliro chachitsulo kuti awonjezere mphamvu ya payipi, osati kuwonjezera makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro chachitsulo.

Zizindikiro zamphamvu za chitsulo chapaipi makamaka zimaphatikizapo mphamvu zamakokedwe ndi mphamvu zokolola. Chitsulo chachitsulo chokhala ndi mphamvu zokolola zambiri chikhoza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi a gasi, koma mphamvu yochuluka kwambiri yokolola idzachepetsa kulimba kwa chitoliro chachitsulo, kuchititsa kuti chitoliro chachitsulo ching'ambe, kung'ambika, ndi zina zotero, ndikuyambitsa ngozi zachitetezo. Ngakhale zimafunika mphamvu zambiri, chiŵerengero cha mphamvu zokolola ndi mphamvu yokhazikika (chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya zokolola) ya chitsulo cha pipeline chiyenera kuganiziridwa mozama. Chiŵerengero choyenera cha zokolola ndi mphamvu chikhoza kuonetsetsa kuti chitoliro chachitsulo chili ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso kulimba kokwanira, potero kumapangitsa chitetezo cha mapangidwe a mapaipi.

Pamene payipi ya gasi yothamanga kwambiri ikathyoka ndikulephera, mpweya woponderezedwawo udzakula mofulumira ndi kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto aakulu monga kuphulika ndi moto. Kuchepetsa kuchitika kwa ngozi zotere, mapangidwe a mapaipi ayenera kuganizira mozama dongosolo lowongolera kusweka kuchokera ku mbali ziwiri izi: Choyamba, chitoliro chachitsulo chiyenera kugwira ntchito molimba nthawi zonse, ndiko kuti, kutentha kwa ductile-brittle transition of the pipe iyenera kukhala kutsika kuposa kutentha kwapaipi yapaipi kuonetsetsa kuti palibe ngozi zapaipi zachitsulo zosweka. Chachiwiri, pambuyo pa kusweka kwa ductile, mng'alu uyenera kuyimitsidwa mkati mwa 1 mpaka 2 kutalika kwa chitoliro kuti tipewe kuwonongeka kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa nthawi yayitali. Mapaipi a gasi amatalika mtunda wautali amagwiritsa ntchito njira yowotcherera girth kulumikiza mapaipi achitsulo chimodzi ndi chimodzi. Zomangamanga zovuta m'munda zimakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa kuwotcherera kwa girth, kumayambitsa ming'alu pa weld, kuchepetsa kulimba kwa weld ndi malo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, ndikuwonjezera kuthekera kwa kupasuka kwa mapaipi. Choncho, payipi zitsulo palokha ali weldability kwambiri, amene n'kofunika kuonetsetsa kuwotcherera khalidwe ndi chitetezo chonse cha payipi.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi chitukuko ndi migodi ya gasi wachilengedwe wofikira ku zipululu, mapiri, madera a polar, ndi nyanja, mapaipi akutali nthawi zambiri amadutsa m'madera ovuta kwambiri a geological ndi nyengo monga madera a permafrost, madera otsetsereka, ndi madera a zivomezi. Pofuna kupewa kuti mipope yachitsulo isapunduke chifukwa cha kugwa pansi ndi kuyenda pa nthawi ya ntchito, mapaipi otumizira gasi omwe ali m'madera omwe kukuchitika zivomezi komanso masoka achilengedwe amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi achitsulo osagwirizana ndi mamangidwe omwe amakana kupunduka kwakukulu. Mapaipi osakwiriridwa omwe amadutsa kumtunda, malo oundana, malo okwera kwambiri, kapena malo otsika kwambiri amayesedwa ndi kuzizira kwambiri chaka chonse. Mapaipi azitsulo azitsulo okhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwapang'onopang'ono kwapaipi ayenera kusankhidwa; mapaipi okwiriridwa ndi madzi apansi ndi nthaka yabwino kwambiri Kwa mapaipi, mankhwala oletsa dzimbiri mkati ndi kunja kwa mapaipi ayenera kulimbikitsidwa.