Mitundu yazitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi
Chitsulo cha carbon
Chitsulo cha carbon chimapanga pafupifupi 90% ya kupanga chitoliro chonse chachitsulo. Amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zazing'ono za alloying ndipo nthawi zambiri amachita bwino akagwiritsidwa ntchito okha. Popeza kuti makina awo amapangidwa bwino komanso amapangidwa bwino, amatha kutsika mtengo ndipo atha kukhala okonda kugwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi nkhawa zochepa. Kuperewera kwa zinthu zophatikizika kumachepetsa kukwanira kwa zitsulo za kaboni pakugwiritsa ntchito mwamphamvu kwambiri komanso zovuta, motero zimakhala zolimba kwambiri zikamanyamula katundu wambiri. Chifukwa chachikulu chokonda chitsulo cha carbon pa mapaipi chingakhale chakuti ndi otsika kwambiri ndipo samapunduka pansi pa katundu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani amagalimoto ndi apamadzi, komanso mayendedwe amafuta ndi gasi. A500, A53, A106, A252 ndi magiredi achitsulo a kaboni omwe atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati seamed kapena opanda msoko.

Alloyed Zitsulo
Kukhalapo kwa zinthu zopangira ma alloying kumapangitsa kuti mawotchi azitha bwino, motero mipope imakhala yosamva kupsinjika kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwambiri. Ambiri ambiri alloying zinthu ndi faifi tambala, chromium, manganese, mkuwa, etc. amene alipo zikuchokera pakati pa 1-50 kulemera peresenti. Kuchuluka kwa ma alloying azinthu kumathandizira pamakina ndi mankhwala a chinthucho m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kotero kuti kapangidwe kazitsulo kachitsulo kamakhala kosiyana malinga ndi zomwe zikufunika. Mapaipi azitsulo a aloyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ponyamula katundu wambiri komanso wosakhazikika, monga m'makampani amafuta ndi gasi, zoyenga, mafuta a petrochemicals, ndi zomera zamankhwala.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chingagawidwenso m'gulu la zitsulo za alloy. Chinthu chachikulu chothandizira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi chromium, chiwerengero chake chimasiyana kuchokera 10 mpaka 20% ndi kulemera. Cholinga chachikulu chowonjezera chromium ndikuthandiza chitsulo kupeza zinthu zosapanga dzimbiri popewa dzimbiri. Mipope yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto omwe kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kulimba kwambiri ndikofunikira, monga m'madzi, kusefera kwamadzi, mankhwala, ndi mafakitale amafuta ndi gasi. 304/304L ndi 316/316L ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga chitoliro. Ngakhale kalasi ya 304 ili ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kulimba; Chifukwa chokhala ndi mpweya wochepa, mndandanda wa 316 uli ndi mphamvu zochepa ndipo ukhoza kuwotcherera.

Chitsulo cha Galvanized
Chitoliro cha galvanized ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosanjikiza cha zinki kuti chiteteze dzimbiri. Kupaka kwa zinki kumalepheretsa kuti zinthu zowononga zisawononge mapaipi. Poyamba inali mtundu wofala kwambiri wa chitoliro cha mizere yoperekera madzi, koma chifukwa cha ntchito ndi nthawi yomwe imapita podula, kulumikiza, ndi kuika chitoliro cha malata, sichigwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri, kupatulapo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kochepa pokonza. Mapaipi amtunduwu amakonzedwa kuchokera ku 12 mm (0.5 mainchesi) mpaka 15 cm (6 mainchesi) m'mimba mwake. Amapezeka mu 6 mita (20 mapazi) kutalika. Komabe, chitoliro cha malata chogawa madzi chikuwonekerabe m'makampani akuluakulu azamalonda. Vuto limodzi lofunikira la mipope ya malata ndi zaka 40-50 za moyo wawo. Ngakhale zokutira za zinki zimaphimba pamwamba ndikuletsa zinthu zakunja kuti zisagwirizane ndi zitsulo ndi kuziwononga, ngati zinthu zonyamulirazo zikuwononga, chitolirocho chingayambe kuwononga kuchokera mkati. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ndikukweza mapaipi achitsulo nthawi zina.