Mitundu ya Mipope
Mipope imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mapaipi opanda msoko ndi mapaipi otsekemera, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira. Mapaipi opanda msoko amapangidwa mu sitepe imodzi pakugubuduza, koma mapaipi opindika amafunikira njira yowotcherera atagubuduza. Mapaipi owotcherera amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a olowa: kuwotcherera kozungulira komanso kuwotcherera molunjika. Ngakhale kuti pali mkangano woti ngati mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko ndi abwinopo kuposa mapaipi achitsulo opindika, opanga mapaipi opanda msoko ndi owotcherera amatha kupanga mapaipi achitsulo abwino, odalirika, ndi olimba motsutsana ndi dzimbiri. Chofunika kwambiri chiyenera kukhala pa ndondomeko yogwiritsira ntchito komanso mtengo wake posankha mtundu wa chitoliro.

Chitoliro Chopanda Msoko
Chitoliro chopanda msoko nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa movutikira kuyambira ndikubowola kopanda kanthu kuchokera ku billet, kujambula kozizira, ndi kugudubuza kozizira. Kulamulira m'mimba mwake kunja ndi khoma makulidwe, miyeso ya mtundu wopanda vuto ndi zovuta kulamulira poyerekeza ndi mipope welded, ozizira ntchito bwino makina katundu ndi tolerances. Ubwino wofunikira wa mapaipi opanda msoko ndikuti amatha kupangidwa ndi makulidwe a khoma lakuda komanso lolemera. Chifukwa palibe ma weld seams, amatha kuonedwa kuti ali ndi zida zabwino zamakina komanso kukana dzimbiri kuposa mapaipi owotcherera. Kuonjezera apo, mapaipi opanda phokoso adzakhala ndi ovality bwino kapena ozungulira. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'malo ovuta kwambiri achilengedwe monga katundu wambiri, kupanikizika kwambiri, komanso kuwononga kwambiri.

Welded Chitoliro
Welded zitsulo chitoliro amapangidwa ndi kuwotcherera mbale adagulung'undisa zitsulo mu mawonekedwe tubular ntchito olowa kapena olowa ozungulira. Malinga ndi miyeso yakunja, makulidwe a khoma, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, pali njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira mapaipi opangidwa ndi welded. Njira iliyonse imayamba ndi billet yotentha kapena chophwanyika, chomwe chimapangidwa kukhala machubu mwa kutambasula billet yotentha, kumangirira m'mphepete mwake, ndikusindikiza ndi weld. Mapaipi opanda msoko amalolera movutikira koma makulidwe ampanda amaonda kuposa mapaipi opanda msoko. Kufupikitsa nthawi yobweretsera komanso kutsika mtengo kungafotokozerenso chifukwa chomwe mapaipi opindika angakhale abwino kuposa mapaipi opanda msoko. Komabe, chifukwa ma welds amatha kukhala madera ovuta kufalikira ndikupangitsa kuti mapaipi aphwanyike, kumalizidwa kwa mapaipi akunja ndi amkati kuyenera kuyendetsedwa panthawi yopanga.