Chitoliro chachitsulo chowongoka ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chokhala ndi msoko wowotcherera womwe umayenderana ndi njira yotalikirapo ya chitoliro chachitsulo. Kawirikawiri anawagawa mu metric magetsi welded zitsulo mipope, magetsi welded woonda-mipanda mipope, thiransifoma kuzirala mipope mafuta, etc. Kupanga ndondomeko Molunjika msoko mkulu-pafupipafupi welded zitsulo mipope ndi makhalidwe a ndondomeko yosavuta ndi mofulumira mosalekeza kupanga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga, petrochemical, mafakitale opepuka, ndi madipatimenti ena. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunyamula madzi otsika kwambiri kapena kupangidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana aumisiri ndi zinthu zopepuka zamafakitale.pa

1. Kupanga ndondomeko otaya molunjika msoko mkulu pafupipafupi welded zitsulo chitoliro

Chitoliro chachitsulo chowongoka chowongoka chimapangidwa ndikugudubuza chingwe chachitali chachitsulo chamtundu wina kukhala chozungulira cha chubu kudzera pazitsulo zowotcherera zothamanga kwambiri ndiyeno kuwotcherera msoko wowongoka kupanga chitoliro chachitsulo. Maonekedwe a chitoliro chachitsulo chikhoza kukhala chozungulira, chozungulira, kapena mawonekedwe apadera, zomwe zimatengera kukula ndi kugudubuza pambuyo pa kuwotcherera. The zipangizo welded zitsulo mipope ndi otsika mpweya zitsulo ndi otsika aloyi zitsulo kapena zipangizo zitsulo ndiσs≤300N/mm2 ndiσs≤500N/mm2.pa

2. High-frequency kuwotcherera

Kuwotcherera kwanthawi yayitali kumatengera mfundo ya kulowetsedwa kwa ma elekitiroma ndi momwe khungu limakhudzira, kuyandikira kwapafupi, komanso mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi a AC mu kondakitala kuti chitsulo chomwe chili m'mphepete mwa weld chitenthetsedwe kwanuko kuti chikhale chosungunuka. Pambuyo potulutsidwa ndi chodzigudubuza, chowotcherera matako ndi inter-crystalline. Kuphatikiza kukwaniritsa cholinga cha kuwotcherera. Kuwotcherera kwanthawi yayitali ndi mtundu wa kuwotcherera kolowera (kapena kuwotcherera kolumikizana ndi pressure). Simafunika ma weld fillers, ilibe chopaka chowotcherera, ili ndi madera ocheperako omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, mawonekedwe okongola owotcherera, komanso mawonekedwe abwino amawotcherera. Choncho, amakondedwa pakupanga mapaipi azitsulo. Ntchito zosiyanasiyana.pa

Kuwotcherera kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mapaipi achitsulo kumagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a khungu komanso kuyandikira kwa ma alternating current. Pambuyo pazitsulo (zovala) zimakulungidwa ndikupangidwa, chubu chozungulira chopanda kanthu ndi gawo losweka limapangidwa, lomwe limazungulira mkati mwa chubu pafupi ndi pakati pa coil induction. Kapena gulu la resistors (maginito ndodo). Chotsutsa ndi kutsegula kwa chubu chopanda kanthu kumapanga loop yolowetsa ma electromagnetic. Pansi pa zochitika za khungu ndi zotsatira zapafupi, m'mphepete mwa chubu lotseguka lopanda kanthu limatulutsa mphamvu yotentha komanso yowonongeka, yomwe imapanga m'mphepete mwa weld Pambuyo potenthedwa mofulumira kutentha komwe kumafunika kuwotcherera ndikutulutsidwa ndi choponderetsa, Chitsulo chosungunula chimakwaniritsa kulumikizana kwapakati-granular ndikupanga chowotcherera champhamvu chathako pambuyo pozizira.

3. High-frequency welded pipe unit

Kuwotcherera kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mapaipi achitsulo a msoko wowongoka kumatsirizidwa m'magawo a chitoliro chapamwamba kwambiri. Mayunitsi opangidwa ndi ma welded okwera pafupipafupi amakhala ndi kupanga mpukutu, kuwotcherera pafupipafupi, kutulutsa, kuziziritsa, kukula, kudula macheka, ndi zina. Kumapeto kwa gawoli kumakhala ndi chipika chosungirako, ndipo kumbuyo kwa chipangizocho kumakhala ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chotembenuza chimango; Gawo lamagetsi makamaka limakhala ndi jenereta yothamanga kwambiri, jenereta yosangalatsa ya DC, ndi chida chodziwongolera chokha.

4. High-frequency excitation circuit

Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwambiri (komwe kumadziwikanso kuti high-frequency oscillation circuit) kumapangidwa ndi chubu chachikulu cha electron ndi tank oscillation yomwe imayikidwa mu jenereta yothamanga kwambiri. Amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokulitsa ya chubu la electron. Pamene electron chubu chikugwirizana ndi filament ndi anode, anode ndi linanena bungwe chizindikiro zabwino kudyetsedwa ku chipata, kupanga kudzikonda osangalala oscillation kuzungulira. Kukula kwa ma frequency osangalatsa kumatengera magawo amagetsi (voltage, current, capacitance, and inductance) a thanki ya oscillation.pa

5. Molunjika msoko zitsulo chitoliro mkulu-pafupipafupi kuwotcherera ndondomeko

5.1 Kuwongolera kwa weld gap

Mzere wachitsulo umadyetsedwa mu welded chitoliro unit. Atakulungidwa ndi odzigudubuza angapo, chitsulo chamzerecho chimakulungidwa pang'onopang'ono kuti apange chubu chozungulira chopanda kanthu ndi mpata wotseguka. Sinthani kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa wodzigudubuza extrusion kulamulira kuwotcherera kusiyana pakati 1 ndi 3 mm. Ndipo pangani mbali zonse ziwiri za doko lowotcherera. Ngati kusiyana kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kuyandikira kwapafupi kudzachepetsedwa, kutentha kwamakono kwa eddy sikudzakhala kokwanira, ndipo mgwirizano wa inter-crystal wa weld udzakhala wosauka, zomwe zimabweretsa kusowa kwa kusakanikirana kapena kusweka. Ngati kusiyana kuli kochepa kwambiri, zotsatira za kuyandikira zidzawonjezeka ndipo kutentha kwa kuwotcherera kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti weld aziwotcha; kapena weld adzapanga dzenje lakuya pambuyo pa extruded ndi adagulung'undisa, zimakhudza pamwamba khalidwe weld.pa

5.2 Kuwotcherera kutentha

Kutentha kwa kuwotcherera kumakhudzidwa makamaka ndi mphamvu yotentha ya eddy panopa. Malinga ndi chilinganizo (2), zitha kuwoneka kuti mphamvu yamafuta amtundu wa eddy pano imakhudzidwa makamaka ndi ma frequency apano. Eddy panopa matenthedwe mphamvu ndi molingana ndi lalikulu la mafupipafupi panopa zokomerera, ndipo panopa kukometsedwa pafupipafupi nayenso amakhudzidwa ndi mafunde pafupipafupi. Zotsatira za magetsi, zamakono, capacitance, ndi inductance. Fomula yosangalatsa yosangalatsa ndi f=1/[2π(CL)1/2]…(1) Kumene: f-excitation frequency (Hz); C-capacitance (F) mu loop yosangalatsa, capacitance = mphamvu / Voltage; L-inductance mu loop yosangalatsa, inductance = maginito flux/current. Zitha kuwonedwa kuchokera ku ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi kuti mafupipafupi okondweretsa amasiyana mosiyana ndi muzu wapakati wa capacitance ndi inductance mu phokoso losangalatsa, kapena molingana ndi muzu wapakati wa voteji ndi zamakono. Malingana ngati capacitance ndi inductance mu kuzungulira zasinthidwa, voteji inductive kapena panopa akhoza kusintha mafunde pafupipafupi, potero kukwaniritsa cholinga kulamulira kuwotcherera kutentha. Kwa chitsulo chochepa cha carbon, kutentha kwa kuwotcherera kumayendetsedwa pa 1250 ~ 1460℃, amene angathe kukwaniritsa kuwotcherera lamulo malowedwe 3 ~ 5mm chitoliro khoma makulidwe. Komanso, kutentha kuwotcherera akhoza angapezeke mwa kusintha liwiro kuwotcherera. Kutentha kolowera kukakhala kosakwanira, m'mphepete mwawowotcherera wowotcherera sungathe kufika kutentha, ndipo mawonekedwe achitsulo amakhalabe olimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kusakanikirana kosakwanira kapena kuwotcherera kosakwanira; Kutentha kolowera kukakhala kosakwanira, m'mphepete mwawowotcherera wowotcherera amapitilira kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madontho osungunula aziwotcha kwambiri kapena kusungunula apangitse weld kupanga dzenje losungunuka.pa

5.3 Kuwongolera mphamvu ya extrusion

M'mbali ziwiri za chubu chopanda kanthu zikatenthedwa ndi kutentha kowotcherera, amafinyidwa ndi chopukutira kuti apange njere zachitsulo zomwe zimalowa ndi kunyezimirana wina ndi mnzake, kenako ndikupanga chowotcherera cholimba. Ngati mphamvu ya extrusion ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, chiwerengero cha makristasi omwe amapangidwa adzakhala ochepa, mphamvu ya chitsulo chowotcherera idzachepa, ndipo kusweka kudzachitika pambuyo pa kupsinjika maganizo; ngati mphamvu ya extrusion ndi yaikulu kwambiri, chitsulo chosungunula chidzaphwanyidwa kuchokera ku weld, chomwe sichidzangochepetsa mphamvu ya weld imachepetsedwa, ndipo ma burrs ambiri amkati ndi akunja adzapangidwa, ngakhale kuyambitsa zolakwika monga kuwotcherera lap seams.pa

5.4 Kuwongolera kwa ma coil othamanga kwambiri

Chophimba chokwera kwambiri chiyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi malo a chopukusira chofinya. Ngati coil induction italikirana ndi chowongolera chowonjezera, nthawi yotentha yotentha idzakhala yayitali, malo okhudzidwa ndi kutentha adzakhala okulirapo, ndipo mphamvu ya weld idzachepa; m'malo mwake, m'mphepete mwa weld sichidzatenthedwa mokwanira ndipo mawonekedwewo adzakhala osauka pambuyo pa extrusion.pa

5.5 The resistor ndi imodzi kapena gulu lapadera ndodo maginito kwa mipope welded. Mbali yopingasa yopingasa nthawi zambiri siyenera kukhala yocheperapo 70% ya gawo lapakati la mkati mwa chitoliro chachitsulo. Ntchito yake ndikupanga loop yolumikizira ma electromagnetic ndi koyilo yolowera, m'mphepete mwa chitoliro chopanda kanthu, ndi ndodo yamagetsi. , kutulutsa mphamvu yoyandikira, kutentha kwamakono kwa eddy kumakhazikika pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa chubu chopanda kanthu, kuchititsa m'mphepete mwa chubu kuti mutenthedwe ndi kutentha. Chotsutsacho chimakokera mkati mwa chubu chopanda kanthu ndi waya wachitsulo, ndipo malo ake apakati ayenera kukhala okhazikika pafupi ndi pakati pa extrusion roller. Makinawo akatsegulidwa, chifukwa chakuyenda mwachangu kwa chubu chopanda kanthu, chopingacho chimawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha kukangana kwa khoma lamkati la chubu lopanda kanthu ndipo limayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi.pa

5.6 Pambuyo kuwotcherera ndi kutulutsa, zipsera za weld zidzapangidwa ndipo ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Njira yoyeretsera ndiyo kukonza chida pa chimango ndikudalira kuyenda kofulumira kwa chitoliro chowotcherera kuti chiwongolere chilonda. Ziboliboli mkati mwa mapaipi owotcherera nthawi zambiri samachotsedwa.pa

6. Zofunika zaumisiri ndi kuyang'ana kwapamwamba kwa mapaipi opangidwa ndi ma welds apamwamba kwambiri

Malinga ndi muyezo wa GB3092 "Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Pressure Fluid Transport", kutalika kwa chitoliro chowotcherera ndi 6 ~ 150mm, makulidwe a khoma ndi 2.0 ~ 6.0mm, kutalika kwa chitoliro chowotcherera nthawi zambiri ndi 4 ~ 10 mamita ndipo akhoza kutchulidwa mu utali wokhazikika kapena utali wautali Factory. Mapaipi azitsulo azitsulo ayenera kukhala osalala, ndipo zolakwika monga kupindika, ming'alu, delamination, ndi kuwotcherera lap siziloledwa. Pamwamba pa chitoliro chachitsulo chimaloledwa kukhala ndi zolakwika zazing'ono monga zokopa, zowonongeka, zowonongeka, zopsereza, ndi zipsera zomwe sizidutsa kupotoza koyipa kwa makulidwe a khoma. Kukula kwa makulidwe a khoma pa weld ndi kukhalapo kwa mipiringidzo yamkati kumaloledwa. Mapaipi achitsulo opangidwa ndi welded amayenera kuyesedwa pamakina, kuyezetsa kusalala, ndi kuyesa kukulitsa, ndipo akuyenera kukwaniritsa zomwe zafotokozedwa muyeso. Chitoliro chachitsulo chiyenera kupirira kupanikizika kwina kwa mkati. Ngati ndi kotheka, kuyezetsa kuthamanga kwa 2.5Mpa kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti asatayike kwa mphindi imodzi. Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwira zolakwika za eddy m'malo mwa kuyesa kwa hydrostatic. Kuzindikira zolakwika za Eddy kumachitika ndi muyezo wa GB7735 "Eddy Current Flaw Detection Inspection Method for Steel Pipes". Njira yodziwira zolakwika pakali pano ndikukonza kafukufuku pa chimango, kusunga mtunda wa 3 ~ 5mm pakati pa kuzindikira zolakwika ndi weld, ndikudalira kuyenda kofulumira kwa chitoliro chachitsulo kuti chifufuze mozama za weld. Chizindikiro chozindikira cholakwika chimasinthidwa zokha ndikusankhidwa ndi chowunikira cha eddy chapano. Kukwaniritsa cholinga chozindikira zolakwika. Ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi mbale zachitsulo kapena zitsulo zopindika kenako n’kupinikizidwa. Njira yopanga mipope yowotcherera zitsulo ndi yosavuta, kupanga kwachangu ndikwambiri, pali mitundu yambiri ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo ndalama zogulira zida ndizochepa, koma mphamvu zambiri ndizotsika kuposa mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko. Kuyambira m'ma 1930, ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha kugubuduza mosalekeza kupanga apamwamba Mzere zitsulo ndi kupita patsogolo kwa kuwotcherera ndi kuyendera luso, khalidwe welds wapitirizabe bwino, ndi mitundu ndi specifications welded mipope zitsulo zawonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku. , kulowetsa mipope yachitsulo yosamalizidwa m’minda yambiri. Kusoka zitsulo chitoliro. Welded zitsulo mipope anawagawa molunjika msoko mipope welded ndi mipope ozungulira welded malinga ndi mawonekedwe a weld. Kupanga kwa chitoliro chowongoka chowongoka chowongoka ndi chosavuta, kupanga bwino ndikwambiri, mtengo wake ndi wochepa, ndipo chitukuko ndi chachangu. Mphamvu ya mipope yowotcherera yozungulira nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwera kuposa mipope yowongoka yowotcherera. Mapaipi otsekemera okhala ndi mainchesi akuluakulu amatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku mabanki ocheperako, ndipo mapaipi otsekemera okhala ndi ma diameter osiyanasiyana amathanso kupangidwa kuchokera ku ma billets omwe ali m'lifupi mwake. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi mipope yowongoka yautali womwewo, kutalika kwa weld kumawonjezeka ndi 30 ~ 100%, ndipo liwiro lopanga ndilotsika. Pambuyo pozindikira cholakwika, chitoliro chowotcherera chimadulidwa kutalika kwake ndi macheka owuluka ndipo amagubuduza pamzere wopangira kudzera pa flip frame. Nsonga zonse ziwiri za chitoliro chachitsulo ziyenera kukhala zafulati-chamfere ndi chizindikiro, ndipo mapaipi omalizidwa ayenera kupakidwa m'mitolo yamakona atatu asanachoke kufakitale.