Mfundo yopanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchitochitoliro chopanda msoko (SMLS):

1. Mfundo yopanga chitoliro chopanda msoko

Mfundo yopanga chitoliro chosasunthika ndikukonza billet yachitsulo kukhala mawonekedwe a tubular pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika kwakukulu, kuti mupeze chitoliro chopanda phokoso popanda kuwotcherera. Kupanga kwake kwakukulu kumaphatikizapo kujambula kozizira, kugudubuza kotentha, kugudubuza kozizira, kupangira, kutulutsa kotentha ndi njira zina. Panthawi yopanga, malo amkati ndi akunja a chitoliro chopanda msoko amakhala osalala komanso ofanana chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuthamanga kwapamwamba, motero amaonetsetsa kuti mphamvu zake zamphamvu ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti sizidzatuluka zikagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pazopanga zonse, kujambula kozizira ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga chitoliro chopanda msoko. Kujambula kozizira ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito makina ojambulira ozizira kuti apititse patsogolo chitoliro chachitsulo chosakanizika. Chitoliro chachitsulo chosakanizika chimazizira pang'onopang'ono chokokedwa ndi makina ozizira ojambulira mpaka makulidwe a khoma ndi m'mimba mwake zomwe zimafunidwa ndi chitoliro chachitsulo zifikira. Kujambula kozizira kumapangitsa kuti malo amkati ndi akunja a chitoliro chopanda chitsulo chosasunthika akhale osalala, ndikuwongolera mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa chitoliro chachitsulo.

2. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya chitoliro chopanda msoko

Mapaipi osasunthika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumafuta, mankhwala, kupanga makina, petrochemical ndi mafakitale ena, ndipo mawonekedwe awo ogwiritsira ntchito ali ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Mwachitsanzo, m'munda wochotsa mafuta ndi gasi, mapaipi opanda msoko amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula mafuta, gasi ndi madzi; m'makampani opanga mankhwala, mapaipi opanda msoko amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazochitika zofunika monga mapaipi othamanga kwambiri ndi zida zamagetsi.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mipope yopanda msoko imakhala ndi mawonekedwe awoawo komanso mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito, kuphatikiza mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko, mapaipi achitsulo otsika aloyi, mipope yayikulu ya aloyi, ndi zina zambiri. , mafakitale opanga zombo, mankhwala ndi petrochemical; mapaipi achitsulo otsika alloy opanda chitsulo ndi oyenera ntchito zapadera monga kuthamanga kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri, kutentha kochepa komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri; mapaipi apamwamba a alloy opanda msoko Ndiwoyenera kumadera apadera omwe ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu, kuthamanga kwambiri, dzimbiri lamphamvu komanso kukana kuvala kwambiri.

Kawirikawiri, mapaipi opanda msoko amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazachuma cha dziko, ndipo ubwino wawo umasonyezedwa makamaka ndi mphamvu zawo zapamwamba, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kutentha kwakukulu, etc. luso laukadaulo komanso luso lopanga zinthu zambiri.