Waukulu khalidwe kuyezetsa zinthu ndi njira zamapaipi opanda msoko:

1. Onani kukula ndi mawonekedwe a chitoliro chachitsulo

(1) Chitsulo chitoliro khoma makulidwe anayendera: micrometer, akupanga makulidwe gauge, zosachepera 8 mfundo pa malekezero onse ndi mbiri.
(2) Chitoliro chachitsulo m'mimba mwake ndi kuyang'ana kwa ovality: ma calliper gauges, vernier calipers, ndi ma ring gauges kuti ayese mfundo zazikulu ndi zazing'ono.
(3) Kuyang'ana kutalika kwa chitoliro chachitsulo: tepi yachitsulo, buku, kuyeza kutalika kwake.
(4) Kuyang'ana digirii yopindika ya chitoliro chachitsulo: wolamulira, wolamulira mulingo (1m), geji yomveka, ndi mzere wopyapyala kuti muyeze digiri yopindika pa mita ndi digirii yopindika kutalika.

(5) Kuyang'ana kwa ngodya ya bevel ndi m'mphepete mwamapeto a chitoliro chachitsulo: wolamulira wapakati, mbale yotsekera.

2. Kuyang'ana khalidwe lapamwamba la mapaipi opanda msoko

(1) Kuyang'ana pamanja pamanja: pansi pazikhalidwe zabwino zowunikira, molingana ndi miyezo, cholembera chidziwitso, tembenuzirani chitoliro chachitsulo kuti muwone bwino. Mawonekedwe amkati ndi akunja a mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika saloledwa kukhala ndi ming'alu, mapindikidwe, zipsera, kugudubuza ndi delamination.
(2) Kuyesa kosawononga kuyendera:

a. Akupanga cholakwa kuzindikira UT: Ndi tcheru pamwamba ndi mkati ming'alu zolakwika za zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi yunifolomu zipangizo.
b. Kuyesa kwa Eddy panopa ET (electromagnetic induction) kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zolakwika (zobowo).
c. Kuyesa kwa Magnetic Particle MT ndi Flux Leakage: Kuyesa kwa maginito ndikoyenera kuzindikira zolakwika zapamtunda ndi pafupi ndi pamwamba pa zida za ferromagnetic.
d. Electromagnetic akupanga cholakwa kuzindikira: Palibe cholumikizira sing'anga chomwe chimafunikira, ndipo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, kuzindikirika kwa chitoliro chachitsulo choyipa pamwamba pazida.
e. Kuzindikira zolakwika zolowera: fluorescence, utoto, kuzindikira zolakwika zapaipi yachitsulo.

3. Kusanthula kapangidwe ka mankhwala:kusanthula mankhwala, kusanthula zida (chida cha infrared CS, spectrometer yowerengera molunjika, NO chida, etc.).

(1) Chida cha infrared CS: Unikani ma ferroalloys, zitsulo zopangira zitsulo, ndi C ndi S muzitsulo.
(2) Spectrometer yowerengera molunjika: C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Ni, Cn, Al, W, V, Ti, B, Nb, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi mu zitsanzo zambiri.
(3) Chida cha N-0: kusanthula zamafuta a N, O.

4. Kuyendera kasamalidwe kazitsulo

(1) Kuyesa kwamphamvu: kuyeza kupsinjika ndi kusinthika, kudziwa mphamvu (YS, TS) ndi indexity ya pulasitiki (A, Z) yazinthuzo. Gawo lachitoliro lotalikirapo komanso lodutsamo, mawonekedwe a arc, zitsanzo zozungulira (￠10, ￠12.5) m'mimba mwake pang'ono, khoma lopyapyala, m'mimba mwake lalikulu, mtunda wandiweyani wofanana ndi khoma. Zindikirani: Kutalikirana kwachitsanzo mutatha kusweka kumagwirizana ndi kukula kwa chitsanzo cha GB/T 1760
(2) Chiyeso cha zotsatira: CVN, notch C mtundu, V mtundu, ntchito J mtengo J / cm2 chitsanzo muyezo 10 × 10 × 55 (mm) sanali muyezo chitsanzo 5 × 10 × 55 (mm).
(3) Kuuma mayeso: Brinell kuuma HB, Rockwell kuuma HRC, Vickers kuuma HV, etc.
(4) Mayeso a Hydraulic: kuthamanga kwa mayeso, nthawi yokhazikika, p=2Sδ/D.

5. Wopanda chitsulo chitoliro ndondomeko ntchito anayendera

(1) Mayeso opalasa: chitsanzo chozungulira chooneka ngati C (S/D>0.15) H=(1+2)S/(∝+S/D) L=40～100mm, koyefita yosinthika pa unit kutalika=0.07～0.08
(2) Chikoka cha mphete: L = 15mm, palibe mng'alu woyenerera
(3) Kuyesa kwa kuwomba ndi kupindika: chotchinga chapakati ndi 30°, 40°, 60°
(4) Mayeso opindika: Itha kulowa m'malo oyeserera (pa mapaipi akulu akulu)

6. Metallographic kusanthula chitoliro chosasunthika
Mayeso okulitsa kwambiri (kusanthula kwapang'onopang'ono), kuyezetsa kocheperako (kusanthula kwa macroscopic) kuyezetsa tsitsi lowoneka ngati nsanja kuti athe kusanthula kukula kwa mbewu zosaphatikizika zachitsulo, kuwonetsa minofu yocheperako komanso zolakwika (monga kumasuka, tsankho, thovu lokhazikika, ndi zina zambiri. ), ndikuyang'ana chiwerengero, kutalika ndi kugawa kwa tsitsi.

Kapangidwe kakulidwe kocheperako (macro): Mawanga oyera owoneka bwino, zophatikizika, thovu lokhala pansi pa khungu, kutembenuka kwa khungu ndi delamination sikuloledwa pakuwunika kocheperako kwa magawo a acid leaching a mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko.

Gulu lamphamvu kwambiri (pang'ono pang'ono): Yang'anani ndi maikulosikopu yamagetsi yamphamvu kwambiri. Kuyesa kwa tsitsi la Tower: yesani chiwerengero, kutalika ndi kugawa kwa tsitsi.

Gulu lililonse la mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko omwe amalowa mufakitale azitsagana ndi chiphaso chapamwamba chotsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa zomwe zili mugulu la mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko.