Chitoliro chopanda chitsulo amapangidwa kuchokera ku billet.Small-ang'ono zitsulo chomera, chifukwa chosowa processing mphamvu, osati kugula kukonzedwa mu billets zitsulo okha, koma kugula wandiweyani-mipanda zitsulo, pambuyo ozizira kukopedwa kubwerera ku fakitale kangapo, kupeza ang'onoang'ono kukula osasokonekera annealed, ndiye kuti fakitale yabwino zitsulo processing zina processing.Mbali ya mkati chitoliro padziko roughness opanga atumiza apamwamba mkati padziko zitsulo chitoliro wotopetsa wodzigudubuza, kupeza kuwala mkati pamwamba.Koma m'kati akugubuduza wotopetsa nthawi zina amapezeka mkati zitsulo chitoliro ndi ting'onoting'ono warping.Khungu la Alice litha kupangidwa panthawi yotopetsa ya BUE, litha kukhala lachitsulo chokayikitsa chokha.

BUE amatanthauza mpukutu wotopetsa, wowonekera kunsonga kwa tinthu tating'ono tazitsulo zomatira ndi kulimba kwake.Pamene pamwamba pa zitsulo chitoliro mpukutu wotopetsa, popeza workpiece zakuthupi ndi kukankhidwira mng'alu, kotero Chip kutsogolo kwa chida kupanga kwambiri mavuto ndi mikangano kupanga kwambiri kudula kutentha.Pakutentha kwambiri ndi kupanikizika koteroko, gawo la chip likukhudzana ndi chida chakutsogolo chifukwa cha kukangana, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachepetsedwa, kupanga "mulingo wokhazikika."Pamene zinthu zotsutsana, zikadzakulirakulirapo kuposa mphamvu yomangiriza pakati pa latisi yamkati, "zosungirako" muzinthu zina zidzalumikizidwa kutsogolo pafupi ndi nsonga ya chida kuti apange BUE.BUE ngati itasiyidwa pamtunda wopangidwa ndi makina, mapangidwe a burrs, akuwonjezera roughness pamwamba.Wopanda msoko mkati pamwamba pa opingasa ndi gawo lapansi chikugwirizana ndi m'munsi kuchokera warped kunja, osati nkhani yachilendo ndi kutsatira gawo lapansi pambuyo extrusion.BUE iyenera kutsatiridwa pamalo opanda msoko osalumikizidwa ndi mkati mwa chitoliro chachitsulo kuchokera ku matrix microstructure of view.Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe amkati a warp opanda msoko ayenera kupangidwa osati kupanga mpukutu wotopetsa wa BUE, koma osati kupanga zinthu zakunja.Zinthuzo zimadutsa pazigawo ziwiri zozizira, zokokedwa ndi kuzizira zonse pambuyo pa kuyikanso kwa recrystallization, pambuyo poti annealing akuyembekeza kupeza yunifolomu yabwino ferrite ndi pearlite equiaxed njere.Koma yaying'ono chitsanzo cha zinthu mwachionekere coarse njere, ndi kugawa ndi wosagwirizana ndi kupeza kwanuko Wilcoxon, izo zimasonyeza zinthu pa kutentha mankhwala kwambiri kutenthedwa.Mbewu Coarse opangidwa pambuyo kutenthedwa, anawononga choyambirira wandiweyani kapangidwe kake, pambuyo ozizira kujambula pearlite ndi ferrite anakhala omangika pearlite ndi ferrite mosavuta stratification.Pambuyo wotopetsa mu chitsulo anagubuduza chida kwa workpiece ndi mphamvu kukanikiza, ndiye chitoliro sachedwa warping.Mwachionekere kutenthedwa mu kutentha mankhwala, ndi chifukwa chachikulu warping m'badwo.

Popeza chifukwa chachikulu warping amapangidwa pa kutentha mankhwala a kutenthedwa zitsulo, m`pofunika kulamulira kutentha annealing ndi kulamulira kutentha annealing pambuyo ozizira yokoka zitsulo kupanga kupeza yunifolomu chabwino equiaxed ferrite ndi pearlite.Mbewu zabwino zofananira zimaphatikizana kuti njerezo zikhale zapamwamba kwambiri, kuti mphamvu ndi kulimba kwachitsulo zikhale zabwino.

Opanga ozizira-kokedwa zitsulo chitoliro kuti apulumutse ndalama, nthawi zambiri kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha kujambula, ndipo nthawi iliyonse m'mimba mwake osachepera monga chitoliro anakoka, choncho zingachititse monyanyira kukoka zitsulo chitoliro akhoza kupirira pazipita, ndi kuchuluka maganizo mkati. chitoliro, chitoliro chachitsulo pansi pa chikoka chakunja ndi zolakwika za extrusion monga ming'alu mosavuta.Chifukwa chake, kutentha kowongolera kutentha ndikuwongolera chitsulo chilichonse chokokedwa ndi chitsulo ndikofunikira kwambiri.