Pali njira zazikulu zitatu zodziwira mapaipi owotcherera ndi mapaipi opanda msoko (smls):

1. Metallographic njira

Metallographic njira ndi imodzi mwa njira zazikulu kusiyanitsa mipope welded ndi mapaipi opanda msoko. High-frequency resistance resistance welded chitoliro (RW) sichimawonjezera zida zowotcherera, kotero msoko wowotcherera mu chitoliro chachitsulo chowotcherera ndi chopapatiza kwambiri, ndipo msoko wowotcherera sungathe kuwoneka bwino ngati njira yopukutira ndi dzimbiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kamodzi kukana mkulu-pafupipafupi welded zitsulo chitoliro ndi welded popanda kutentha kutentha, kapangidwe kake msoko adzakhala makamaka osiyana ndi makolo chuma chitoliro. Panthawi imeneyi, njira metallographic angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusiyanitsa welded zitsulo chitoliro ku chitoliro zitsulo. Pozindikira mipope iwiri yachitsulo, m'pofunika kudula chitsanzo chaching'ono ndi kutalika ndi 40 mm m'lifupi mwake pazitsulo zowotcherera, kuchitapo kanthu pogaya, kupukuta bwino ndi kupukuta pa izo, ndiyeno kuyang'ana dongosolo pansi pa metallographic. maikulosikopu. Mapaipi achitsulo osungunula ndi mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko amatha kusiyanitsa bwino pamene ferrite ndi widmansite, zitsulo zoyambira ndi weld zone microstructures zimawonedwa.

2. Njira ya dzimbiri

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya dzimbiri kuti muzindikire mipope yowotcherera ndi mapaipi opanda msoko, msoko wowotcherera wa chitoliro chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo uyenera kupukutidwa. Pambuyo popera, zizindikiro zakupera ziyenera kuwoneka, ndiyeno mapeto a msoko wowotcherera ayenera kupukutidwa ndi sandpaper. Ndipo gwiritsani ntchito 5% nitric acid alcohol solution pochiza nkhope yomaliza. Ngati pali chowotcherera chodziwikiratu, zitha kutsimikizira kuti chitoliro chachitsulo ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chowotcherera. Komabe, mapeto a chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika alibe kusiyana koonekera pambuyo powonongeka.

Katundu wa welded chitoliro
Welded zitsulo chitoliro ali katundu zotsatirazi chifukwa mkulu-pafupipafupi kuwotcherera, ozizira anagubuduza ndi njira zina.
Choyamba, ntchito yosungira kutentha ndi yabwino. Kutaya kwa kutentha kwa mipope yazitsulo zokometsera ndizochepa, 25% yokha, yomwe siimangoyenda bwino, komanso imachepetsanso ndalama.
Chachiwiri, ili ndi madzi komanso kukana dzimbiri. Popanga uinjiniya, sikofunikira kukhazikitsa ngalande zamapaipi padera.
Ikhoza kukwiriridwa mwachindunji pansi kapena pansi pa madzi, potero kuchepetsa zovuta zomanga polojekitiyi.
Chachitatu, ili ndi mphamvu yotsutsa. Ngakhale pamalo otsika kutentha, chitoliro chachitsulo sichidzawonongeka, choncho ntchito yake imakhala ndi ubwino wina.

Makhalidwe a chitoliro chopanda msoko
Chifukwa cha kulimba kwamphamvu kwachitsulo cha chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika, mphamvu yake yokana kuwonongeka ndi yamphamvu, ndipo imakhala ndi njira yopanda kanthu, kotero imatha kunyamula madzimadzi. Chitoliro chachitsulo, ndi kukhazikika kwake ndi kwakukulu. Choncho, katundu wochuluka wa chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika amatha kunyamula, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapulojekiti omwe ali ndi zofunikira zomanga.

3. Kusiyanitsa malinga ndi ndondomekoyi

M'kati kuzindikira mipope welded ndi mipope yopanda msoko malinga ndi ndondomeko, mipope zitsulo welded ndi welded malinga ozizira anagubuduza, extrusion ndi njira zina. Chitoliro chachitsulo chikawotchedwa, chidzapanga chitoliro chozungulira chozungulira komanso chitoliro chowongoka chowongoka, ndipo chidzapanga chitoliro chozungulira chachitsulo, chitoliro chachitsulo chozungulira, chitoliro chachitsulo chowulungika, chitoliro chachitsulo cha katatu, chitoliro chachitsulo cha hexagonal, chitoliro chachitsulo cha rhombus, chitoliro chachitsulo cha octagonal, komanso chitoliro chachitsulo chovuta kwambiri.

Mwachidule, njira zosiyanasiyana zidzapanga mipope yachitsulo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kotero kuti mipope yachitsulo yonyezimira ndi mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko imatha kusiyanitsa bwino. Komabe, pozindikira mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko molingana ndi ndondomekoyi, imachokera ku njira zochiritsira zotentha komanso zozizira. Pali makamaka mitundu iwiri ya mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko, yomwe imagawidwa m'mapaipi achitsulo osakanizika otentha komanso mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko. Mipope yachitsulo yosakanizidwa yotentha imapangidwa ndi kuboola, kugudubuza ndi njira zina, makamaka mipope yachitsulo yokhala ndi mainchesi ndi wandiweyani imawotchedwa ndi njirayi; mapaipi ozizira amapangidwa ndi kuzizira kwa chubu, ndipo mphamvu ya zinthuzo ndi yotsika, koma mawonekedwe ake akunja ndi mkati mwake ndi osalala.

4. Sankhani pogwiritsa ntchito

Mipope yachitsulo yowotcherera imakhala ndi mphamvu yopindika komanso yopindika komanso yonyamula katundu wambiri, motero imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zamakina. Mwachitsanzo, mapaipi obowola mafuta, mizati yoyendetsera galimoto, mafelemu anjinga, ndi zitsulo zomangira zachitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba zonsezo zimapangidwa ndi mipope yachitsulo yowotchedwa. Komabe, mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mapaipi otumizira madzimadzi chifukwa ali ndi tizigawo tobowoka ndi zitsulo zazitali zopanda msoko. Mwachitsanzo, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati payipi zonyamulira mafuta, gasi, gasi, madzi, etc. Komanso kupinda mphamvu ya seamless zitsulo chitoliro ndi yaing'ono, choncho ambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito mu superheated nthunzi mapaipi otsika ndi. ma boilers apakatikati, mapaipi amadzi otentha ndi mapaipi otenthetsera kwambiri opangira ma locomotive boilers. Mwachidule, kupyolera mu gulu la ntchito, tikhoza kusiyanitsa bwino mipope zitsulo welded ndi zitsulo zitsulo.