Mukayamba kufunafuna chitoliro chachitsulo, kaya chochotsa mchere, chopangira mafuta, kapena chopangira magetsi a nyukiliya, funso loyamba lomwe muyenera kudzifunsa ndilakuti “kodi ndikufunika “mapaipi” opanda msoko, owotcherera, kapena opukutira? Izi zitatu Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi ubwino wosiyana choncho ndi woyenera ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi malo. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha zoyenera pa ntchito inayake.

Mainjiniya mwina adziwa yankho la funsoli mwachidziwitso, koma tiyeni titenge kamphindi kuti tifufuze mapaipi opanda msokowa, mapaipi otsekera ndi mapaipi opangidwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana.

1. Chitoliro chopanda msoko

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chitoliro chopanda msoko. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, chitoliro chopanda msoko ndi chitoliro chopanda nsonga kapena ma welds.

Kupanga ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito:

Machubu opanda msoko amatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, makamaka kutengera kukula komwe mukufuna, kapena chiŵerengero cha m'mimba mwake ndi makulidwe a khoma. Nthawi zambiri, kupanga zitoliro zopanda msoko kumayamba ndikuponya zitsulo zosaphika kukhala mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito - billet yotentha yolimba. Kenako tambasulani ndikukankhira kapena kukokera pa mawonekedwe. Chubu ichi chopanda kanthu chimadutsa munjira ya extrusion pomwe chimakakamizika kudzera mu kufa ndi mandrel. Izi zimathandiza kuonjezera m'mimba mwake ndi kuchepetsa m'mimba mwake.

Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula madzi monga madzi, gasi, zinyalala ndi mpweya. Imafunikanso nthawi zambiri m'malo ambiri okwera kwambiri, malo owononga kwambiri monga mafuta ndi gasi, kupanga magetsi ndi mafakitale opanga mankhwala.

Ubwino:

Mphamvu yayikulu: Chitoliro chosasunthika chili ndi mwayi wowonekera wopanda seams, kotero sipadzakhala zofooka zofooka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri, chitoliro chopanda msoko chimatha kupirira 20% kupanikizika kwapamwamba kogwira ntchito kuposa chitoliro chowotcherera chamtundu womwewo komanso kukula kwake.
Kukaniza Kwapamwamba: Kusakhalapo kwa seams kumatanthauza kuti mapaipi opanda msoko angapereke kukana kwa dzimbiri, chifukwa mavuto monga zonyansa ndi zolakwika zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pa ma welds.

Kuyesa pang'ono: Mosafunikira kunena, machubu opanda msoko safunikira kuyesedwa kukhulupirika kwa weld - palibe weld sikutanthauza kuyesa!

2. Welded chitoliro

Pali mitundu itatu yowotcherera mapaipi: kuwotcherera akunja awiri, kuwotcherera m'mimba mwake mkati kapena kuwotcherera mbali ziwiri. Chodziwika bwino ndikuti onse ali ndi seams!

Njira yopangira chitoliro chowotcherera imayamba ndikugudubuza koyilo yachitsulo mpaka makulidwe omwe amafunidwa kuti apange mzere wathyathyathya kapena mbale. Kenako amakulungidwa ndipo seams za chifukwa chubu ndi welded mu mankhwala ndale.

Ponena za zitsulo zomwe zimatha kuwotcherera, zitsulo za austenitic nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowotcherera kwambiri, pomwe zitsulo za ferritic zimawotcherera zigawo zoonda. Zitsulo za Duplex tsopano zimatengedwa kuti ndi zowotcherera, koma zimafunikira chidwi kwambiri kuposa zitsulo za austenitic.

Ukadaulo wopangira zitoliro wowotcherera amaonedwa kuti wapita patsogolo kwambiri pazaka zingapo zapitazi. Mosakayikira kutsogola kofunikira kwambiri kunali kupanga njira zowotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde othamanga kwambiri. Izi kwambiri bwino chitoliro welded luso kupewa dzimbiri ndi mafupa kulephera.

Ngakhale kuti seams mu chitoliro chowotcherera ndi cholondola mwachidziwitso kuti chikhale chofooka, njira zopangira ndi njira zotsimikizira zamtundu ndizopambana kwambiri masiku ano. Izi zikutanthauza kuti malinga ngati ananena kutentha ndi kuthamanga tolerances wa welded chitoliro si upambana, palibe chifukwa sayenera kuchita komanso chitoliro opanda msoko m'mafakitale ambiri.

Mtengo: Chimodzi mwazabwino za chitoliro chowotcherera ndikuti ndi chotsika mtengo kwambiri pamitundu yonse ya chitoliro komanso chopezeka mosavuta.
Kusasinthasintha: Nthawi zambiri amavomereza kuti chitoliro chowotcherera chimakhala chokhazikika mu makulidwe a khoma kuposa chitoliro chopanda msoko. Izi ndichifukwa choti kupanga kumayamba ndi pepala limodzi lachitsulo.
Ubwino Pamwamba: Kupewa njira yotulutsira kumatanthauzanso kuti pamwamba pa mipope yowotcherera imathanso kukhala yosalala kuposa mapaipi opanda msoko.
Liwiro: Chitoliro chowotcherera chimafunikira nthawi yayifupi yogula zinthu chifukwa cha njira yosavuta yopangira.

3. Chitoliro chabodza

Kupanga zitsulo ndi njira yopangira chitsulo yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopondereza komanso kutentha kwambiri komanso kukakamiza kupanga chitsulo.

Kupanga mapaipi opangidwa kumayambira ndikuyika chitsulo (kaya 6% molybdenum, super duplex, duplex, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, aloyi ya nickel) pakati pa chapamwamba ndi chapansi chimafa. Chitsulocho chimapangidwa ndi kutentha ndi kupanikizika mu mawonekedwe omwe amafunidwa ndiyeno kutsirizidwa ndi makina opangira makina kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zonse.

Njira yopangira yovutayi imapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wokwera wa chubu chopangidwa.

Ubwino wambiri wamachubu opangira amatanthawuza kuti imakhala ndi ntchito zambiri zosiyanasiyana m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga mafuta ndi gasi, makina opangira ma hydraulic, feteleza ndi makampani opanga mankhwala. Mfundo yakuti chitsulo chopukutira sichikhala ndi seams kapena welds chimalola kuti ikhale ndi zinthu zomwe zingakhale zovulaza kapena zowononga komanso utsi wake. Chifukwa chake, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri olemera.

Kulimba Kwambiri: Mapaipi opangira nthawi zambiri amatulutsa chinthu cholimba komanso chodalirika kwambiri chifukwa kupangira kumapangitsa kuti njere zachitsulo zisinthe ndikugwirizana. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, zitsulo zakhala zikuyenda bwino ndipo mapangidwe a chitoliro asintha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu komanso kukana kwakukulu.
Moyo Wautali: Kupanga kumachotsa porosity yomwe ingakhalepo, kuchepa, ming'alu ndi zovuta zothira ozizira.
Zachuma: Njira yopangira zinthu nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti ndiyopanda ndalama zambiri chifukwa palibe zinthu zomwe zimawonongeka.
Kusinthasintha: Njira yopangira zitsulo imakhala yosinthika kwambiri ndipo imatha kupanga machubu amitundu yosiyanasiyana.