Mipope yachitsulo yokhala ndi mipanda yolimba imabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitsulo ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo zofunikira zawo zimasiyanasiyananso. Zonsezi ziyenera kusiyanitsidwa pamene zofunikira za ogwiritsa ntchito kapena momwe ntchito zisinthira. Kawirikawiri, mankhwala zitsulo chitoliro amagawidwa monga mtanda-gawo mawonekedwe, njira kupanga, chitoliro kupanga zinthu, kugwirizana njira, ❖ kuyanika makhalidwe ndi ntchito, etc. wandiweyani-mipanda zitsulo mipope akhoza kugawidwa mu mipope kuzungulira zitsulo ndi mipope wapadera zoboola pakati zitsulo. molingana ndi mawonekedwe awo apakati. Mipope yachitsulo yokhala ndi mipanda yapadera imatanthawuza mapaipi achitsulo osiyanasiyana omwe alibe magawo ozungulira, kuphatikiza mapaipi apakati, mapaipi amakona anayi, mapaipi a elliptical, mapaipi athyathyathya, mapaipi ozungulira, mipope ya hexagonal, mapaipi ozungulira amkati, ndi mipope yozungulira yamkati. mahexagoni. chubu, chubu chofanana ndi makona atatu, chubu chamaluwa cha pentagonal, chubu cha octagonal, chubu cha convex, chubu cha biconvex. chubu chopindika pawiri, chubu chopindika chambiri, chubu chooneka ngati mavwende, chubu lathyathyathya, chubu cha rhombus, chubu cha nyenyezi, chubu cha parallelogram, nthiti, chubu, chubu chamkati, chubu chopindika, chubu chamtundu wa B, machubu amtundu wa D, mitundu ingapo machubu osanjikiza, etc.

Mapaipi achitsulo okhala ndi mipanda yokhuthala amagawidwanso kukhala mapaipi achitsulo okhazikika ndi magawo osiyanasiyana achitsulo malinga ndi mawonekedwe awo aatali. Mapaipi achitsulo osinthika (kapena osinthika) amatanthawuza mipope yachitsulo yomwe mawonekedwe ake apakati, ma diameter amkati ndi akunja, ndi makulidwe a khoma amasintha nthawi ndi nthawi kapena osapitilira kutalika kwa chitoliro. Zimaphatikizapo chubu chakunja, chubu chamkati, chubu chakunja, chubu chamkati, chubu cha periodic, chubu chamalata, chubu cha spiral, chubu chachitsulo chokhala ndi radiator, ndi mbiya yamfuti yokhala ndi mizere ingapo.

Kutalikitsa moyo wautumiki wa mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi, chithandizo chapamwamba chimafunikira kuti pakhale kuphatikiza kolimba kwa mapaipi achitsulo okhala ndi mipanda yolimba komanso zigawo zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri. Njira zochizira zodziwika bwino ndi izi: kuyeretsa, kuchotsa dzimbiri la zida, pickling, ndi kuphulika kwa mfuti.
1. Kutolera pamwamba pa mipope yachitsulo yowongoka: Njira zowotchera wamba zimaphatikizapo mankhwala ndi electrolysis. Komabe, pickling yokha yamankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa dzimbiri la mapaipi. Chemical pickling akhoza kukwaniritsa ukhondo wapamwamba ndi roughness pamwamba pa chitoliro zitsulo, amene facilitates mizere nangula wotsatira. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati positi-processing pambuyo kuwombera kuphulika (mchenga).
2. Kuphulika kwa kuwombera ndi kuchotsa dzimbiri: Galimoto yamphamvu kwambiri imayendetsa zitsulo kuti zizizungulira mofulumira kotero kuti ma abrasives monga mchenga wachitsulo, zitsulo zachitsulo, zigawo za waya wachitsulo, ndi mchere zimapopera pamwamba pa chitoliro chachitsulo pansi pa ntchitoyo. mphamvu ya centrifugal. Kumbali imodzi, dzimbiri, mpweya wa okosijeni, ndi dothi, kumbali ina, chitoliro chachitsulo chimakwaniritsa kuuma kofanana kofunikira pansi pa zochitika zachiwawa ndi kukangana kwa abrasive.
3. Kutsuka mapaipi achitsulo okhala ndi mipanda yokhuthala: Kuchotsa mafuta, fumbi, mafuta odzola, ndi zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimamatira pamwamba pa mipope yazitsulo zolimba, zosungunulira, ndi ma emulsions nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa pamwamba. Komabe, dzimbiri, khungu la okosijeni, ndi kuwotcherera pamwamba pa chitoliro chachitsulo sichingachotsedwe, ndipo njira zina zothandizira ndizofunikira.
4. Gwiritsani ntchito zida zochotsera dzimbiri pazipaipi zachitsulo zowongoka: Kuchotsa khungu lotulutsa mpweya, dzimbiri, ndi zowotcherera pamwamba pa chitoliro chachitsulo, burashi yawaya ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeretsa ndi kupukuta pamwamba. Pali mitundu iwiri yochotsa dzimbiri: pamanja ndi mphamvu. Kuchotsa dzimbiri kwa zida zamanja kumatha kufika pamlingo wa Sa2, ndipo kuchotsa dzimbiri kwa zida zamagetsi kumatha kufika pamlingo wa Sa3. Ngati pali khungu lamphamvu kwambiri la okosijeni lomwe limakhala pamwamba pa chitoliro chachitsulo, sizingatheke kuchotsa dzimbiri ngakhale mothandizidwa ndi zida, kotero kuti njira zina ziyenera kupezeka.

Pakati pa njira zinayi pamwamba mankhwala mipope wandiweyani-mipanda zitsulo, kuwombera kuphulika ndi njira yabwino yothetsera chitoliro dzimbiri kuchotsa. Nthawi zambiri, kuphulika kwa kuwombera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira mankhwala amkati azitsulo, ndipo kuphulika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira mankhwala akunja azitsulo.

Waukulu processing njira ya wandiweyani-mipanda zitsulo mipope akugudubuza. Iyi ndi njira yoponderezedwa yomwe chitsulo chopanda kanthu chimadutsa pampata wa ma rollers ozungulira (mumitundu yosiyanasiyana). Chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa kwa odzigudubuza, gawo la mtanda la zinthu limachepetsedwa ndipo kutalika kwa chitoliro chachitsulo chokhala ndi mipanda kumawonjezeka. Njira, iyi ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbiri yachitsulo, mbale, ndi mapaipi. Agawanika ozizira kugudubuza ndi otentha anagubuduza. Forging steel: Njira yopangira mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kubwereza kwa nyundo yopukutira kapena kukakamiza kwa makina osindikizira kuti asinthe chopanda kanthu kukhala mawonekedwe ndi kukula komwe tikufuna. Nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika komanso osasunthika, mapaipi achitsulo akadali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazida zosiyanasiyana wamba. Migolo yamfuti, migolo, etc. zonse zimapangidwa ndi mapaipi achitsulo. Mapaipi achitsulo amatha kugawidwa m'mapaipi ozungulira ndi mapaipi ooneka ngati apadera molingana ndi madera ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa ma circumferences ndi ofanana ndipo dera lozungulira ndi lalikulu, machubu ozungulira amatha kunyamula madzi ambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, gawo la mphete la mipope yachitsulo yokhala ndi mipanda yolimba imakhala yolimba kwambiri ikakhala ndi mphamvu yamkati kapena yakunja. Choncho, unyinji wa mipope yachitsulo yokhala ndi mipanda yokhuthala ndi mipope yozungulira. Mapaipi achitsulo ali ndi magawo opanda dzenje ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mapaipi onyamula madzi, monga mapaipi onyamulira mafuta, gasi, gasi wamalasha, madzi, ndi zinthu zina zolimba. Poyerekeza ndi zida zachitsulo zolimba monga zitsulo zozungulira, mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika amakhala opepuka pakulemera kwake pamene kupindika ndi mphamvu zopindika ndizofanana. Mapaipi achitsulo okhala ndi mipanda yolimba ndi zitsulo zotsika mtengo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zamakina ndi zida zamakina, monga mapaipi obowola mafuta ndi magalimoto. Thamangitsani shafts, njinga zoyimitsa zitsulo zopangira zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, etc.