Zosapanga dzimbiri chitoliro ndi yaitali dzenje kuzungulira zitsulo, amene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mafuta, mankhwala, mankhwala, chakudya, makampani kuwala, makina ndi instrumentation, ndi mapaipi ena mafakitale ndi mbali makina structural. Kupatula apo, mphamvu yopindika ndi torsion ikakhala yofanana, kulemera kwake kumakhala kopepuka, kotero kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zamakina ndi zomangamanga. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri kupanga zida zosiyanasiyana wamba, migolo, ndi zipolopolo.

1. Kukhazikika
Njira yopangira mapaipi opanda msoko ndikuboola mu billet chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pa kutentha kwa 2200 ° F. Pa kutentha kwakukulu kumeneku, chitsulo chachitsulo chimakhala chofewa komanso chopangidwa mozungulira kuchokera ku dzenje pambuyo pokhomerera ndi kujambula. Mwanjira iyi, makulidwe a khoma la payipi siwofanana ndipo eccentricity ndi yayikulu. Chifukwa chake, ASTM imalola kusiyana kwa makulidwe a khoma la mapaipi opanda msoko kukhala akulu kuposa mapaipi otsekedwa. Chitoliro chotsekedwa chimapangidwa ndi pepala lokhazikika lozizira (lokhala ndi m'lifupi mwake 4-5 mapazi pa coil). Mapepala oziziritsidwa ozizirawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa khoma la mainchesi 0.002. Chitsulo chachitsulo chimadulidwa mpaka m'lifupi mwake πd, kumene d ndi m'mimba mwake kunja kwa chitoliro. Kulekerera kwa makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro chophwanyika ndi kochepa kwambiri, ndipo makulidwe a khoma ndi ofanana kwambiri pozungulira.

2. Kuwotcherera
Kawirikawiri, pali kusiyana kwina kwa mankhwala pakati pa mapaipi otsekedwa ndi mapaipi opanda msoko. Kapangidwe kachitsulo kopanga mapaipi opanda msoko ndi chofunikira chokha cha ASTM. Chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi otsekedwa chimakhala ndi zigawo zamankhwala zoyenera kuwotcherera. Mwachitsanzo, kusanganikirana kwa zinthu monga silicon, sulfure, manganese, mpweya, ndi triangular ferrite mu gawo linalake kungapangitse kusungunuka kwa weld komwe kumakhala kosavuta kusamutsa kutentha panthawi yowotcherera, kuti weld yonse ilowe. Mapaipi achitsulo omwe alibe mankhwala omwe ali pamwambapa, monga mapaipi opanda msoko, amatulutsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosakhazikika panthawi yowotcherera ndipo sizosavuta kuwotcherera mwamphamvu komanso mosakwanira.

3. Kukula kwambewu
Kukula kwambewu kwachitsulo kumagwirizana ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha ndi nthawi yosungira kutentha komweko. Kukula kwa njere kwa chubu chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chubu chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chimodzimodzi. Ngati chitoliro cha msoko chitenga chithandizo chozizira chochepa, kukula kwa njere kwa weld ndi kocheperako kuposa kukula kwa njere yachitsulo chowotcherera, apo ayi, kukula kwambewu kumakhala kofanana.