Waldawani tsari ne na haɗa guda biyu na ƙarfe a sakamakon gagarumin yaduwa na atom na welded a cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa (weld). abu) ko ta hanyar matsa lamba ga guntuwar cikin sanyi ko yanayin zafi.Akwai rarrabuwar tsarin walda:

1. Tushen walda

Dalilin saukar walda na bututun mai nisa shine a yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na walda da ƙarancin amfani da kayan walda don cimma ingantacciyar inganci da tanadin farashi, kuma yawancin masu walda har yanzu suna amfani da bututun na al'ada tare da manyan gibi da ƙananan blunts don walƙiya gabaɗaya. . Ba kimiyya ba ne kuma rashin tattalin arziki a yi amfani da sigar gefen gefen a matsayin dabarar walda ƙasa don bututun. Irin waɗannan sigogi ba wai kawai ƙara yawan amfani da kayan walda ba ne kawai, amma kuma suna ƙara yuwuwar lahani na walda yayin da yawan abubuwan da ake amfani da su na walda ke ƙaruwa. Bugu da ƙari, gyaran gyare-gyaren tushen ya fi wuya fiye da lahani da aka haifar wajen cika murfin murfin, don haka zaɓin ma'aunin walda na tushen yana da matukar muhimmanci, babban rata tsakanin 1.2-1.6mm, kuma gefen bakin ciki yana tsakanin 1.5- 2.0mm.

Lokacin yin waldawar tushen, ana buƙatar lantarki don samar da kusurwar digiri 90 tare da axis na bututu kuma ya nuna axis. Madaidaicin yanayin wutar lantarki shine mabuɗin tabbatar da samuwar bayan tushen weld, musamman don tabbatar da cewa tushen weld ɗin ya kasance a tsakiyar walda kuma an kawar da Cizo kuma ɗayan bai cika shiga ba. Lokacin da aka daidaita kusurwar madaidaiciyar wutar lantarki, ana iya canza ikon shigar wutar lantarki. Tun da yake ba shi yiwuwa gabaɗaya a sami gibin tsagi gaba ɗaya iri ɗaya da kuma baki mara kyau, dole ne a buƙaci walda don daidaita baka ta hanyar daidaita kusurwar lantarki ta tsaye. Ƙarfin shigar ciki don daidaitawa zuwa tsagi na haɗin gwiwa da matsayi na waldi. Ya kamata a ajiye wutar lantarki a tsakiyar haɗin gwiwa, sai dai idan baka ya busa. Welder zai iya kawar da bugun baka ta hanyar daidaita kusurwar da ke tsakanin wutar lantarki da axis na bututu tare da ajiye baka a takaice, in ba haka ba cikin tsagi mai gefe guda wanda baka ya busa zai cizo a ciki, kuma daya bangaren ba zai cizo ba. a cika shiga.

Don kula da narkakken tafkin walƙiya, don samun ingantaccen ƙwanƙwasa tushen walda, koyaushe kiyaye ƙaramin lokacin aikin waldawar tushen. Tafkin narkakkar da ake gani shine mabuɗin. Idan tafkin narkakkar ya yi girma sosai, nan take zai haifar da Cizon ciki ko konewa. Gabaɗaya, girman narkakken tafkin yana da tsayin 3.2mm. Da zarar an sami ɗan ƙaramin canji a cikin narkakkar girman tafkin, ya zama dole a daidaita kusurwar lantarki nan da nan, na yanzu da sauran matakan don kula da girman narkakkar da ta dace.

Canja wasu abubuwa masu tasiri don kawar da lahani

Tushen walda tushen tsaftacewa shine mabuɗin don tabbatar da ingancin tushen walda a cikin duka weld. Babban mahimmin tsaftace tushen waldawar tushen shine don share dunƙulen walda da layin dogo. Idan tushen tsaftacewa ya wuce kima, zai sa tushen walda ya zama bakin ciki sosai, wanda ke da sauƙi a lokacin walda mai zafi. Idan ƙonawa ya faru kuma tsaftacewa bai isa ba, ƙila haɗaɗɗun slag da pores na iya faruwa. Don tsaftace tushen, yi amfani da dabaran niƙa mai siffar diski mai kauri 4.0mm. Welders ɗinmu yawanci suna son yin amfani da 1.5 ko 2.0mm da aka sake yin aikin yankan fayafai azaman kayan aikin walda slag, amma 1.5 ko 2.0mm yankan fayafai galibi suna da haɗari ga tsagi mai zurfi, wanda zai haifar da rashin cika fuska ko haɗawar slag a cikin tsarin walda na gaba, wanda ke haifar da shi. rework, A lokaci guda, da slag asarar da slag kau inganci na 1.5 ko 2.0mm yankan fayafai ba su da kyau a matsayin 4.0mm lokacin farin ciki disc-dimbin nika fayafai. Don buƙatun cirewa, yakamata a cire layin dogo, sannan a gyara bayan kifin don ya yi kusa da lebur ko ɗan ɗanɗano.

2.Zafafan walda

Za a iya yin walda mai zafi kawai a ƙarƙashin tushen tsabtace walda don tabbatar da inganci, yawanci tazarar da ke tsakanin walda mai zafi da waldawar tushen ba zata wuce 5min ba. Semi-atomatik kariya waldi yawanci rungumi dabi'ar trailing kwana na 5 digiri zuwa 15 digiri, da waldi waya samar da wani kwana na 90 digiri tare da management axis. Ka'idar ƙwanƙwasa mai zafi ba don yin ko yin ƙaramin juzu'i na gefe ba. A karkashin yanayin tabbatar da cewa baka yana gaban gaban narkakkar tafki, sauka tare da narkakkar tafki da karfe 4 zuwa karfe 6; ya kamata a aiwatar da matsayi daga karfe 8 zuwa karfe 6 da kyau. Yi lilo a gefe don guje wa ƙeƙasasshen walda a wurin walda sama.

Don kawar da farawar baka da rufe ramukan iska, zaku iya tsayawa a wurin farawa don sauƙaƙe iskar da ke shawagi daga cikin narkakkar tafki, ko amfani da farawar baka da rufe baka ita ce hanya mafi inganci don magance farawa da rufe iska. ramuka; Bayan kammalawa, yi amfani da dabaran niƙa mai siffa mai kauri mai kauri 4.0mm don cire dunƙule dunƙule.

Idan tushen waldi ya ƙone a lokacin aikin walda mai zafi, ba za a yi amfani da waldi na kariya ta atomatik don gyarawa ba, in ba haka ba za a bayyana pores masu yawa a cikin gyaran walda. Hanyar da ta dace ita ce a dakatar da waldar kariya ta atomatik nan da nan idan aka gano ta kone ta, sannan a nika tushen waldan da ya kone ta cikin, musamman ma gefen biyu na konewar ta cikin wani gangare mai laushi, bisa ga tushen walda. aiwatar da bukatun, yi amfani da manual cellulose electrode don ƙone kone ta hanyar aiwatar da gyara waldi, da kuma jira waldi kabu zafin jiki a gyara waldi wuri zuwa sauke zuwa 100 digiri zuwa 120 digiri, sa'an nan kuma ci gaba da waldi bisa ga al'ada zafi bead Semi. - atomatik kariya walda tsari.

Ƙa'idar zaɓi na ma'auni mai zafi mai zafi yana dogara ne akan ka'idar cewa tushen bead ɗin ba ya ƙone ta. Babban saurin ciyarwar waya da ƙarfin walda wanda ya dace da saurin ciyarwar waya ana amfani dashi gwargwadon iko. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su shine: ana iya samun babban walda da sauri, saurin ciyarwar waya yana iya samun zurfin shigar ciki, kuma babban ƙarfin wuta na baka zai iya samun faffadan narkakken tafkin, wanda zai iya sa ragowar slag bayan tushen walda ɗin ya ɓace, musamman ma ɓoye. slag narke a cikin rut line na tushen weld wucewa Out, taso kan ruwa zuwa saman narkakkar pool, kuma zai iya samun concave weld dutsen dutse, rage aiki tsanani zafi weld dutsen ado slag kau.

A ka'ida, cire shinge na katako mai zafi yana buƙatar motar waya don cire kullun, kuma kullun da ba za a iya cirewa ba yana buƙatar cire ƙafafun niƙa. Partial convex bead yana buƙatar 4.0mm lokacin farin ciki mai siffar diski mai nika don cire ɓangaren da ke fitowa (yafi faruwa a 5: 30-6: matsayi na 30), in ba haka ba yana da sauƙi don samar da pores na cylindrical Welding slag a kan weld. bead, saboda kasancewar slag ɗin walda zai shafi wutar lantarki na baka mai cikawa, yana haifar da katsewar baka nan take da samuwar ƙofofin gida masu yawa.

3.Cika walda

Cika katakon walda za a iya aiwatar da shi ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin tabbatar da ingancin walda na katako mai zafi. A waldi bukatun na filler waldi ne m guda da na zafi waldi. Bayan an gama cika kwalliyar, ana buƙatar waldawar cikawa ta zama maki 2 zuwa 4 kuma maki 8 zuwa 10 galibi suna juye da saman ƙarfen tushe, kuma ragowar gefen tsagi bai kamata ya wuce 1.5mm a matsakaicin matsakaici ba. , don tabbatar da cewa waldawar murfin murfin yana tsaye. Ba za a sami porosity a cikin matsayi ko ƙasa da kayan tushe ba. Idan ya cancanta, ana buƙatar cika walda don ƙara walƙiya cika a tsaye. Waldawar cikawa a tsaye shine kawai lokacin da dutsen cikawa ya kasance tsakanin karfe 2-4 da karfe 10-8. Lokacin da cika waldi ya cika, da cika surface ne da yawa daban-daban daga tsagi surface a sama, kamar kai tsaye murfin, cika ƙugiya Bayan haka, lokacin da waldi surface surface ne m fiye da tushe kayan surface a sama matsayi. Ana ƙara waldi mai cikawa a tsaye. Dole ne a kammala walƙiya a tsaye sau ɗaya bayan fara arc, kuma ba dole ba ne a katse baka yayin aikin walda, saboda haɗin gwiwar welded a wannan matsayi yana da haɗari ga porosity na haɗin gwiwa. Waldawar filler a tsaye yawanci baya murzawa a gefe kuma tana gangarowa tare da narkakken tafkin. Za'a iya samun saman dunƙule dunƙule ko lebur ɗin filler a tsaye a matsayin walda. Wannan zai iya guje wa siffar daɗaɗɗen walda na farfajiyar murfin kuma tsakiyar ƙwanƙwasa walda ya zama ƙasa da ƙananan ƙarfe. Ka'idar zaɓin sigogin tsarin walda don walƙiya mai cikawa a tsaye shine ingantacciyar saurin ciyarwar waya ta walƙiya da ƙarancin ƙarfin walda, wanda zai iya guje wa faruwar porosity.

4.Rufe walda

Sai kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin tabbatar da ingancin ciko walda, za a iya yin waldawar murfin murfin. Saboda babban jigon ingantaccen waldi na kariya ta atomatik, ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga zaɓin sigogin tsarin walda lokacin walda murfin murfin. Makullin zaɓin sigogin tsari shine saurin ciyarwar waya, ƙarfin lantarki, kusurwar trailing, bushewar elongation da saurin walda. Don guje wa busa busa, saurin ciyarwar waya mafi girma, ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki (kimanin volt ɗaya ƙasa da ƙarfin lantarki daidai da saurin ciyarwar waya ta al'ada), tsayin bushewa mai tsayi, da saurin walda don tabbatar da baka walda Koyaushe kasance a gaban gaba. wurin walda. Karfe 5 zuwa 6 na yamma, karfe 7 zuwa 6 na yamma, ana iya kara bushewar elongation don tura walda, ta yadda za'a iya samun siriri mai bakin ciki don gujewa wuce gona da iri a bangaren walda na baya. na bead. Don kawar da ramukan walda wanda ke haifar da waldawar murfin a kan tudu da sassa na walda a tsaye, yawanci ya zama dole don walda ɓangaren walda a lokaci ɗaya. An haramta shi sosai don samar da haɗin gwiwar welded da karfe 2-4:30, karfe 10-8:30. , Don kauce wa samuwar stomata. Domin gujewa faruwar ramukan iska a cikin mahaɗin sassan hawan tudu, ɗinkin walda tsakanin 4:30 zuwa 6 na rana, 8:30 zuwa 6 na rana, sannan 12 na rana-4:30. karfe 12 na rana ana waldawa Weld tsakanin kararrawa da karfe takwas da rabi na dare zai iya kaucewa faruwar ramukan iska a cikin mahallin tudu. A waldi tsari sigogi na murfin waldi ne m guda da zafi waldi, amma waya ciyar gudun ne dan kadan mafi girma.

5.Semi-atomatik walƙiya iko na walda lahani

Makullin aikin walda mai kariya ta atomatik shine don amfani da yanayin. Koyaushe kiyaye baka walda a gaban tafkin walda yayin aikin walda kuma bakin ciki mai saurin walƙiya da yawa shine mabuɗin don shawo kan duk lahani na walda. Guji taurin don samun kauri mai kauri mai wucewa ɗaya Kuma kula da kwanciyar hankali na aikin walda. A waldi ingancin ne yafi alaka da biyar waldi tsari sigogi na waya feed gudun, waldi irin ƙarfin lantarki, bushe elongation, trailing kwana, waldi tafiya gudun. Canja kowane ɗaya, kuma sauran sigogi huɗu dole ne a yi. Daidaita daidai.