Ƙarfe farantin karfe da sanyi gaggautsa bayan karfe farantin wuta yankan da walda gaba ɗaya suna da iri daya bayyanar, duka biyu tsage a tsakiyar farantin. Daga yanayin amfani, dole ne a cire farantin karfe da aka lalata. Ya kamata a cire gabaɗayan delamination gaba ɗaya, kuma ana iya cire delamination na gida a cikin gida. Tsagewar sanyi na farantin karfe yana bayyana kamar tsagewa a tsakiya, wanda wasu kuma ke kira "fashewa". Don dacewar bincike, ya fi dacewa a ayyana shi a matsayin "ƙarancin sanyi". Ana iya magance wannan lahani tare da matakan gyarawa da fasahar walda da ta dace ba tare da gogewa ba.

1. Karfe farantin delamination
Delamination wani rata ne na gida a cikin ɓangaren giciye na farantin karfe (billet), wanda ke sa sashin giciye na farantin karfe ya zama Layer na gida. Yana da mummunar lahani a cikin karfe. Ba dole ba ne a lalata farantin karfe, duba Hoto 1. Delamination kuma ana kiransa interlayer da delamination, wanda shine lahani na ciki na karfe. Kumfa a cikin ingot (billet), manyan abubuwan da ba ƙarfe ba, raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa waɗanda ba a cire su gaba ɗaya ko naɗewa ba, da rarrabuwa mai tsanani na iya haifar da rarrabuwar ƙarfe, kuma hanyoyin rage mirgina marasa ma'ana na iya ƙara haɓaka ƙima.

2. Nau'in karfe farantin karfe stratification
Dangane da dalilin, stratification yana bayyana kansa a wurare daban-daban da siffofi. Wasu suna ɓoye a cikin ƙarfe, kuma saman ciki yana da layi ɗaya ko daidai da saman saman karfe; wasu sun miƙe zuwa saman saman ƙarfe kuma suna haifar da lahani mai kama da tsagi akan saman ƙarfe. Gabaɗaya, akwai nau'i biyu:
Na farko shi ne bude stratification. Ana iya samun wannan lahani ta hanyar macroscopically akan karyewar karfe, kuma ana iya sake duba shi gabaɗaya a cikin masana'antar ƙarfe da masana'anta.
Na biyu shine rufewa. Ba za a iya ganin wannan lahani ba a cikin karyewar karfe, kuma yana da wuya a same shi a cikin masana'antun masana'antu ba tare da 100% ultrasonic flaw gano kowane karfe farantin karfe. Yana da rufaffiyar stratification a cikin farantin karfe. Ana kawo wannan lahani daga smelter zuwa masana'antar masana'anta kuma a ƙarshe ana sarrafa shi zuwa samfur don jigilar kaya.
Kasancewar lahani na delamination yana rage ingantaccen kauri na farantin karfe a cikin yanki don ɗaukar kaya kuma yana rage ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi a cikin hanya ɗaya da delamination. Siffar gefen lahani na delamination yana da kaifi, wanda ke da matukar damuwa ga damuwa kuma zai haifar da damuwa mai tsanani. Idan an sake yin lodi, saukewa, dumama, da sanyaya yayin aiki, za a sami babban matsananciyar matsananciyar matsananciyar damuwa a cikin yankin damuwa, wanda zai haifar da gajiyar damuwa.

3. Hanyar kimantawa na fashewar sanyi
3.1 daidai hanyar Carbon-Kimanin yanayin faɗuwar sanyi na ƙarfe
Tun da taurin da sanyi na yankin walda da zafi ya shafa yana da alaƙa da sinadari na ƙarfe, ana amfani da abun da ke cikin sinadari don kimanta yanayin faɗuwar sanyi a cikin ƙarfe a kaikaice. Abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan gami da ke cikin ƙarfe ana juyar da su zuwa daidai abun ciki na carbon gwargwadon aikinsa, wanda ake amfani da shi azaman ma'auni don kimanta yanayin faɗuwar sanyi na ƙarfe, wato hanyar daidai da carbon. Don tsarin daidaitaccen carbon na ƙarfe mai ƙarancin ƙarfe, Cibiyar Welding ta Duniya (IIW) ta ba da shawarar dabarar: Ceq (IIW) = C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/ 15. Bisa ga dabarar, mafi girman ƙimar daidai da carbon, mafi girma da ƙarfin hali na welded karfe, kuma mafi sauƙi shi ne samar da fasar sanyi a cikin yankin da zafi ya shafa. Sabili da haka, ana iya amfani da kwatankwacin carbon don kimanta ƙarfin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, kuma ana iya ba da shawarar mafi kyawun yanayin tsari don hana fashewar walda bisa ga weldability. Lokacin amfani da dabarar da Cibiyar Duniya ta ba da shawarar, idan Ceq (IIW) ~ 0.4%, yanayin taurin ba shi da kyau, weldability yana da kyau, kuma ba a buƙatar preheating kafin walda; idan Ceq (IIW) = 0.4% ~ 0.6%, musamman lokacin da ya fi 0.5%, karfe yana da sauƙin taurare. Wannan yana nufin cewa walƙiya ya lalace, kuma ana buƙatar preheating lokacin walda don hana fasa walda. Ya kamata a ƙara yawan zafin jiki na preheating daidai yayin da kauri na farantin yana ƙaruwa.
3.2 Welding sanyi fashe ji na ƙwarai index
Bugu da kari ga sinadaran abun da ke ciki, Sanadin sanyi fasa a cikin low-alloy high-ƙarfi karfe waldi sun hada da abun ciki na diffusible hydrogen a ajiye karfe, da takura danniya na hadin gwiwa, da dai sauransu Ito et al. na Japan sun gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu yawa akan nau'ikan ƙarfe sama da 200 ta amfani da gwajin bincike na ƙarfe mai siffar Y-dimbin ƙima da ƙididdiga masu ƙima kamar ƙididdige ƙimar ƙima da aka kafa ta hanyar abun da ke tattare da sinadarai, hydrogen diffusible, da ƙuntatawa (ko kauri faranti) , kuma sun yi amfani da ma'aunin ji na sanyi don tantance zafin zafin da ake buƙata kafin walda don hana faɗuwar sanyi. An yi imani da cewa ana iya amfani da wannan dabarar don ƙananan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da abun ciki na carbon wanda bai wuce 0.16% ba da kuma ƙarfin ƙarfin 400-900MPa. PCm=C+Si/30+Mn/20+Cu/20+Ni/60+Cr/20+Mo/15+V/10+5B (%);
PC=Pcm+[H]/60+t/600 (%)
Zuwa = 1440pc-392 (℃)
Inda: [H] - - Abubuwan da ke tattare da hydrogen da aka ajiye na ƙarfe da aka auna ta hanyar JIS 3113 na Japan (ml/100g); t——Kaurin farantin (mm); Zuwa——Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki kafin walda (℃).
Ƙirƙirar walda mai sanyin ƙirƙira pc na farantin karfe na wannan kauri, da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na zafin jiki Kafin fashewa. Lokacin da sakamakon lissafin To≥50 ℃, da karfe farantin yana da wani waldi sanyi crack ji na ƙwarai da kuma bukatar preheated.

4. Gyaran gaggautsa sanyi "fashewa" na manyan abubuwa
Bayan an gama waldawar farantin karfe, wani ɓangare na farantin karfe ya tsage, wanda ake kira "delamination". Dubi Hoto na 2 da ke ƙasa don ilimin halittar jiki na fasa. Masana harkar walda sun yi imanin cewa ya fi dacewa a ayyana tsarin gyaran a matsayin "tsarin gyaran walda na fasa-kwargin Z a cikin faranti na karfe". Tun da ɓangaren yana da girma, yana da aiki mai yawa don cire farantin karfe, sa'an nan kuma sake sake shi. Da alama za a iya lalacewa gabaɗayan ɓangaren, kuma za a soke duk abin da zai haifar da asara mai yawa.
4.1. Dalilai da matakan rigakafi na fasa-kwatancen Z
Tsage-tsalle na Z-direction lalacewa ta hanyar yanke da walda sune fashe masu sanyi. Mafi girman taurin da kauri na farantin karfe, mafi girman yuwuwar fashewar shugabanci. Yadda za a guje wa faruwarsa, hanya mafi kyau ita ce kafin a yanka da walda, kuma zafin zafin jiki na zafin jiki ya dogara da daraja da kauri na farantin karfe. Ana iya yin zafi da zafin jiki ta hanyar yanke bindigogi da na'urorin dumama na lantarki, kuma ya kamata a auna zafin da ake buƙata a bayan wurin dumama. (Lura: Duk sashin yankan farantin karfe ya kamata a mai zafi sosai don guje wa zafi na gida a cikin yankin da ke tuntuɓar tushen zafi) Preheating na iya rage yuwuwar fashewar jagorar Z ta hanyar yanke da walda.
① Da farko a yi amfani da injin niƙa a kusurwa don niƙa har sai ba a ganuwa, preheat wurin da ke kusa da walda ɗin gyara zuwa kusan 100 ℃, sa'an nan kuma yi amfani da walda na CO2 (wayar da aka yi da ruwa ta fi kyau). Bayan walda Layer na farko, nan da nan sai a matsa walda da hammata mazugi, sannan sai a sassaka yadudduka masu zuwa, sannan a matsa walda da guduma bayan kowane Layer. Tabbatar cewa zafin jiki na interlayer shine ≤200 ℃.
② Idan tsaga ya yi zurfi, sai a fara zafi da wurin da ke kusa da walda ɗin gyara zuwa kusan 100 ℃, nan da nan a yi amfani da jirgin saman iska na carbon arc don tsaftace tushen, sannan a yi amfani da injin niƙa don niƙa har sai an fallasa haske (idan yanayin zafin jiki na Weld ɗin gyara bai wuce 100 ℃, preheat sake) sannan weld.
③ Bayan waldawa, yi amfani da aluminium silicate ulu ko asbestos don rufe walda na ≥2 hours.
④ Don dalilai na aminci, yi gano kuskuren ultrasonic akan yankin da aka gyara.