① Girman ƙima da girman gaske

A. Girman ƙima: Yana da girman ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙimar da masu amfani da masana'antun ke tsammani, da girman tsari da aka nuna a cikin kwangilar.

B. Girman gaskiya: shine ainihin girman da aka samu a cikin tsarin samarwa, wanda sau da yawa ya fi girma ko ƙarami fiye da girman ƙira.Wannan al'amari na kasancewa babba ko ƙarami fiye da girman ƙididdiga ana kiransa karkacewa.

② karkacewa da juriya

A. Deviation: A cikin tsarin samarwa, saboda ainihin girman yana da wahala don biyan buƙatun girman ƙima, wato, sau da yawa ya fi girma ko ƙarami fiye da girman ƙima, don haka ƙayyadaddun ya nuna cewa akwai bambanci tsakanin ainihin girman da girman girman da ake bukata. girman girman.Idan bambancin ya kasance tabbatacce, ana kiran shi positive deviation, idan kuma bambancin ya kasance mara kyau, ana kiran shi negative deviation.

B. Haƙuri: Jimlar cikakkiyar dabi'u "na tabbatacce da korau karkatattun dabi'u" da aka ƙayyade a cikin ma'auni ana kiransa haƙuri, wanda kuma ake kira "yankin haƙuri".

Karɓar shugabanci ce, wato, bayyana a matsayin "tabbatacce" ko "mara kyau";Haƙuri ba alƙawarin ba ne, don haka ba daidai ba ne a kira ƙimar karkatacciyar "haƙuri mai kyau" ko "haƙuri mara kyau".

③ Tsawon isarwa

Tsawon isarwa kuma ana kiransa tsawon da mai amfani ke buƙata ko tsawon kwangilar.Ma'auni yana da tanadi masu zuwa akan tsayin isarwa:
A. Tsawon al'ada (wanda kuma aka sani da tsayin da ba a kayyade): Duk wani tsayin da ke cikin tsayin tsayin da aka kayyade ta ma'auni kuma babu tsayayyen tsayin da ake buƙata ana kiran tsayin al'ada.Alal misali, tsarin bututu misali ya kayyade: zafi-birgima (extrusion, fadada) karfe bututu 3000mm ~ 12000mm;sanyi kõma (birgima) karfe bututu 2000mm ~ 10500mm.

B. Tsawon tsayayyen tsayi: Tsawon tsayayyen tsayi ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon tsayin da aka saba, wanda shine ƙayyadadden tsayin tsayin da ake buƙata a cikin kwangilar.Duk da haka, ba shi yiwuwa a yanke cikakken tsayayyen tsayi a cikin ainihin aiki, don haka ma'auni ya ƙayyade ƙimar madaidaicin ƙimar da aka yarda don tsayayyen tsayi.

Bisa ga ma'aunin tsarin bututu:
Abubuwan da ake samu na samar da bututu masu tsayi ya fi girma fiye da na bututun tsayi na yau da kullun, kuma yana da kyau ga masana'anta su nemi karuwar farashin.Haɓakar farashin ya bambanta daga kamfani zuwa kamfani, amma gabaɗaya yana da kusan 10% sama da farashin tushe.

C. Tsawon mai mulki sau biyu: Tsawon mai mulki da yawa ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon tsayin da aka saba, kuma tsayin mai mulki guda ɗaya da yawan jimlar jimlar ya kamata a nuna a cikin kwangilar (misali, 3000mm × 3, wato, 3 mahara na 3000mm, kuma jimlar tsawon shine 9000mm).A cikin ainihin aiki, ya kamata a ƙara haɓaka tabbataccen 20mm da aka ba da izini bisa ga jimlar tsayin, kuma a tanadi izinin incision ga kowane tsayin mai mulki guda ɗaya.Ɗaukar bututun tsarin a matsayin misali, an ƙulla cewa ya kamata a ajiye gefen incision: diamita na waje ≤ 159mm shine 5 ~ 10mm;Diamita na waje> 159mm shine 10 ~ 15mm.

Idan ma'auni bai ƙayyade tsayin tsayin mai mulki biyu ba da izinin yankewa, ya kamata bangarorin biyu su sasanta kuma a nuna su a cikin kwangilar.Ma'auni na tsawon ninki biyu daidai yake da tsayin tsayin daka, wanda zai rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.Saboda haka, yana da ma'ana ga masana'anta don haɓaka farashin, kuma haɓakar farashin daidai yake da ƙayyadaddun tsayin tsayi.

D. Tsawon kewayon: Tsawon kewayon yana cikin kewayon da aka saba.Lokacin da mai amfani yana buƙatar tsayayyen tsayin kewayon, yakamata a nuna shi a cikin kwangilar.

Alal misali: da saba tsawon ne 3000 ~ 12000mm, da kuma iyaka tsayayyen tsawon ne 6000 ~ 8000mm ko 8000 ~ 10000mm.

Ana iya ganin cewa tsayin kewayon ya fi sauƙi fiye da ƙayyadaddun tsayi da buƙatun tsayi biyu, amma ya fi tsayi fiye da tsayin da aka saba, wanda kuma zai rage yawan amfanin da ake samarwa.Saboda haka, yana da ma'ana ga masana'anta don haɓaka farashin, kuma haɓakar farashin gabaɗaya kusan 4% ne sama da farashin tushe.

④ Kaurin bango mara daidaituwa

Kaurin bangon bututun ƙarfe ba zai iya zama iri ɗaya a ko'ina ba, kuma akwai wani abu na haƙiƙa na kaurin bango mara daidaito akan sashin giciyensa da kuma jikin bututun mai tsayi, wato kaurin bangon bai yi daidai ba.Domin sarrafa wannan rashin daidaituwa, wasu ƙa'idodin bututun ƙarfe sun tsara alamomin izini na kaurin bango mara daidaituwa, wanda gabaɗaya baya wuce 80% na juriyar kaurin bango (an aiwatar da bayan shawarwari tsakanin mai siyarwa da mai siye).

⑤ Ovality

Akwai wani lamari na diamita na waje wanda bai yi daidai ba akan sashin giciye na bututun ƙarfe na madauwari, wato, akwai matsakaicin matsakaicin diamita na waje da mafi ƙarancin diamita na waje waɗanda ba lallai ba ne su yi daidai da juna, sannan bambancin matsakaicin matsakaicin diamita na waje ƙananan diamita na waje shine ovality (ko ba zagaye ba).Domin sarrafa ovality, wasu ƙa'idodin bututun ƙarfe sun ƙayyade madaidaicin izini na ovality, wanda gabaɗaya an kayyade shi azaman bai wuce 80% na haƙurin diamita na waje (an aiwatar da shi bayan tattaunawa tsakanin mai siyarwa da mai siye).

⑥ Yin digiri

An lanƙwasa bututun ƙarfe a cikin tsayin shugabanci, kuma ana bayyana matakin lanƙwasa ta lambobi, wanda ake kira digiri na lanƙwasawa.Digiri na lankwasawa da aka kayyade a cikin ma'auni gabaɗaya an kasu kashi biyu masu zuwa:

A. Matsayin lanƙwasawa na gida: auna matsakaicin matsayi na lanƙwasawa na bututun ƙarfe tare da mai mulki mai tsayin mita ɗaya, kuma auna tsayinsa (mm), wanda shine ƙimar digiri na gida, naúrar shine mm / m, kuma Hanyar magana shine 2.5 mm/m..Wannan hanyar kuma ta shafi ƙarshen curvature na tube.

B. Jimlar lankwasawa duka tsawon tsayi: Yi amfani da igiya na bakin ciki don ƙarfafa daga ƙarshen bututun biyu, auna matsakaicin tsayin igiya (mm) a lanƙwasa bututun ƙarfe, sa'an nan kuma canza shi zuwa kashi dari na tsawon (mm). a cikin mita), wanda shine tsayin shugabanci na bututun ƙarfe mai tsayi mai tsayi mai tsayi.

Misali, idan tsayin bututun karfe shine 8m, kuma matsakaicin matsakaicin tsayin madaidaicin madaidaicin shine 30mm, matakin lanƙwasawa na tsayin bututun yakamata ya zama: 0.03÷8m × 100% = 0.375%

⑦ Girman ba ya jurewa
Girman ya fita daga juriya ko girman ya wuce abin da aka yarda da shi na daidaitattun.“Dimension” a nan galibi yana nufin diamita na waje da kaurin bango na bututun ƙarfe.Yawancin lokaci wasu mutane suna kiran girman daga juriya "daga haƙuri".Irin wannan suna wanda ke daidaita sabawa da haƙuri ba shi da tsauri, kuma ya kamata a kira shi "saboda haƙuri".Sabanin a nan yana iya zama "tabbatacce" ko "mara kyau", kuma yana da wuya cewa duka "tabbatacce da korau" ba su da layi a cikin nau'i ɗaya na bututun ƙarfe.