Wannan labarin ya bayyana kurakurai da matsalolin gargajiyaflangeƙirƙira tsari, kuma yana gudanar da bincike mai zurfi akan tsarin sarrafawa, hanyar kafawa, aiwatar da aiwatarwa, ƙirƙira ƙirƙira da ƙirar ƙirƙira zafi na ƙirar flange a hade tare da takamaiman lokuta. Labarin yana ba da shawarar ingantaccen shirin don ƙirar flange kuma yana kimanta fa'idodin wannan shirin. Labarin yana da takamaiman ƙimar tunani.

Matsaloli da matsaloli na tsarin ƙirƙira flange na gargajiya

Ga yawancin masana'antun jabu, babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan aiwatar da ƙirƙira flange shine akan saka hannun jari da haɓaka kayan aikin ƙirƙira, yayin da galibi ana yin watsi da tsarin fitar da albarkatun ƙasa. A binciken da aka gudanar, galibin masana'antun kan yi amfani da na'urar yankan ne idan aka yi amfani da su, kuma galibinsu na amfani ne da na'ura mai sarrafa kanta da kuma na'ura mai sarrafa kanta. Wannan sabon abu ba wai kawai yana rage ingancin ƙananan kayan aiki ba, amma har ma yana da manyan matsalolin aikin sararin samaniya kuma ya ga abin da ya faru na gurɓataccen ruwa. A cikin gargajiya flange ƙirƙira tsari yawanci amfani a cikin na al'ada bude mutu ƙirƙira tsari, da ƙirƙira daidaito na wannan tsari ne in mun gwada da low, da lalacewa da tsagewar na mutu ne babba, yiwuwa ga low rayuwa na forgings da kuma jerin mugun mamaki irin wannan. kamar yadda ba daidai ba mutu.

Tsari ingantawa na flange forgings

KARBAR HANYAR HANYA

(1) Gudanar da halayen ƙungiya. Flange ƙirƙira sau da yawa martensitic bakin karfe da austenitic bakin karfe a matsayin albarkatun kasa, wannan takarda zaba 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic bakin karfe for flange ƙirƙira. Wannan bakin karfe ba ya wanzu isotropic heterocrystalline canji, idan an mai tsanani zuwa game da 1000 ℃, yana yiwuwa a sami in mun gwada da uniform austenitic kungiyar. Bayan haka, idan bakin karfe mai zafi yana kwantar da sauri, to, ƙungiyar austenitic da aka samu za a iya kiyaye shi zuwa zafin jiki. Idan ƙungiyar ta kasance mai sanyi-sanyi, to yana da sauƙin bayyana lokaci na alpha, wanda ke sa yanayin zafi na filastik bakin karfe ya ragu sosai. Bakin karfe kuma muhimmin dalili ne na lalata lalatawar intergranular, al'amarin shine yafi saboda ƙarni na chromium carbide a gefen hatsi. A saboda wannan dalili, dole ne a kauce wa abin da ya faru na carburization kamar yadda zai yiwu.
(2) Tsayayyen bin ƙayyadaddun bayanai na dumama, da ingantaccen iko na ƙirƙira zafin jiki. Lokacin dumama 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic bakin karfe a cikin tanderun, saman kayan yana da kusanci ga carburization. Domin rage girman faruwar wannan lamari, ya kamata
Guji hulɗa tsakanin bakin karfe da abubuwan da ke ɗauke da carbon. Saboda rashin kyawun yanayin zafi na 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic bakin karfe a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi, yana buƙatar mai zafi a hankali. Ya kamata a gudanar da takamaiman sarrafa zafin jiki na dumama cikin tsananin yarda tare da lanƙwasa a cikin hoto 1.

Hoto.1 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic bakin karfe dumama zafin jiki
(3) flange ƙirƙira aiki tsari iko. Da farko, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun buƙatun tsari dole ne a bi su sosai don zaɓin albarkatun ƙasa da kyau don kayan. Kafin dumama kayan ya kamata ya zama cikakkiyar dubawa na saman kayan, don guje wa fasa, nadawa da haɗawa a cikin albarkatun ƙasa da sauran matsalolin. Sa'an nan kuma, lokacin ƙirƙira, ya kamata a dage don doke kayan da sauƙi da ƙarancin lalacewa da farko, sannan a buga da karfi lokacin da filastik kayan ya karu. Lokacin da tashin hankali, ya kamata a ƙulla ƙofofin sama da na ƙasa ko a datse, sa'an nan kuma a yi la'akari da ɓangaren kuma a sake bugawa.

SAMUN HANYA DA MUTUWAR ZINA

Lokacin da diamita bai wuce 150mm ba, za'a iya samar da flange na butt ta hanyar ƙirƙirar buɗaɗɗen kai tare da saitin mutuwa. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 2, a cikin hanyar buɗe hanyar saitin mutu, ya kamata a lura cewa tsayin ɓarna mai ɓarna da rabon kushin mutu buɗewar d yana da mafi kyawun sarrafawa a 1.5 - 3.0, radius na ramin ramin mutuwa fillet R shine. mafi kyawun 0.05d - 0.15d, kuma tsayin mutuwa H shine 2mm - 3mm ƙasa da tsayin ƙirƙira ya dace.

Hoto 2 Buɗe hanyar saita mutu
Lokacin da diamita ya wuce 150mm, yana da kyau a zabi hanyar walda flange butt na flanging zobe da extrusion. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa 3, tsayin blank H0 ya kamata ya zama 0.65 (H + h) - 0.8 (H + h) a cikin hanyar flanging zobe. Ya kamata a gudanar da takamaiman sarrafa zafin jiki na dumama cikin tsananin yarda tare da lanƙwasa a cikin hoto 1.

Hoto 3 Lebur zobe juya da extrusion Hanyar

HANYA AIWATARWA DA KARYA BINCIKE

A cikin wannan takarda, ana amfani da hanyar shinge na bakin karfe da kuma haɗuwa tare da yin amfani da ƙayyadaddun tsari don tabbatar da ingancin ɓangaren samfurin. Maimakon yin amfani da tsarin ƙirƙira na ƙirƙira na al'ada, ana ɗaukar hanyar ƙirƙira daidaitaccen rufaffiyar. Wannan hanyar ba wai kawai tana yin ƙirƙira ba
Wannan hanya ba kawai inganta daidaito na ƙirƙira ba, amma kuma yana kawar da yiwuwar mutuwar kuskure kuma yana rage tsarin yankan gefen. Wannan hanyar ba wai kawai ta kawar da amfani da tarkace ba, har ma tana kawar da buƙatar kayan aikin yankan gefe, yankan gefen ya mutu, da ma'aikatan yankan da ke da alaƙa. Sabili da haka, tsarin ƙirƙira daidaitaccen rufaffiyar yana da matukar mahimmanci don adana farashi da haɓaka ingantaccen samarwa. Dangane da buƙatun da suka dace, ƙarfin ƙarfi na ƙirƙirar rami mai zurfi na wannan samfurin bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 570MPa ba kuma elongation ɗin bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 20%. Ta hanyar ɗaukar samfurori a cikin ɓangaren bangon rami mai zurfi don yin gwajin gwaji da gudanar da gwajin gwaji, za mu iya samun cewa ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙirƙira shine 720MPa, ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 430MPa, elongation shine 21.4%, kuma raguwar sashi shine 37% . Ana iya ganin cewa samfurin ya cika bukatun.

MAGANIN ZAFIN BAYANI

1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic bakin karfe flange bayan ƙirƙira, biya musamman da hankali ga bayyanar intergranular lalata sabon abu, da kuma inganta plasticity na kayan kamar yadda zai yiwu, don rage ko ma kawar da matsalar aiki hardening. Domin samun kyakkyawan juriya na lalata, ƙirar ƙirƙira ya kamata ya zama ingantaccen magani mai zafi, don wannan dalili, ƙirƙira na buƙatar zama magani mai ƙarfi. Dangane da binciken da aka yi a sama, ya kamata a yi zafi da ƙirƙira don duk carbides suna narkar da su cikin austenite lokacin da zafin jiki ke cikin kewayon 1050 ° C - 1070 ° C. Nan da nan bayan haka, samfurin da aka samu yana sanyaya cikin sauri don samun tsari na austenite na lokaci-lokaci. A sakamakon haka, juriya na lalata damuwa da juriya ga lalatawar ƙirƙira sun inganta sosai. A wannan yanayin, an zaɓi maganin zafi na ƙirƙira da za a yi ta amfani da ƙirƙira ƙirƙira zafi mai zafi. Tun da ƙirƙira sharar gida zafi quenching ne mai high-zazzabi nakasawa quenching, idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada tempering, ba wai kawai ba ya bukatar dumama bukatun na quenching da quenching kayan aiki da alaka da ma'aikaci sanyi bukatun, amma kuma yi na forgings samar ta amfani da wannan tsari ne da yawa. mafi girma inganci.

Cikakken nazarin fa'ida

Yin amfani da ingantaccen tsari don samar da ƙirƙira flange yadda ya kamata yana rage iznin mashin ɗin kuma ya mutu gangara na ƙirƙira, adana albarkatun ƙasa zuwa wani yanki. Yin amfani da igiya da yankan ruwa yana raguwa a cikin tsarin ƙirƙira, wanda ke rage yawan amfani da kayan. Tare da gabatarwar ƙirƙira hanyar ƙirƙira yanayin zafi na sharar gida, kawar da kuzarin da ake buƙata don quenching thermal.

Kammalawa

A cikin tsarin samar da ingantattun ƙirƙira, ya kamata a ɗauki takamaiman ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari a matsayin wurin farawa, tare da kimiyya da fasaha na zamani don haɓaka hanyar ƙirƙira ta gargajiya da haɓaka tsarin samarwa.