Babban matsin lamba mai matsin lamba na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta mai ƙarfi. Har ila yau, an san shi da ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki ko aikin hardening. Ƙarfin abu a macro (ko gaba ɗaya) ikon tsayayya da nakasawa (ko damuwa mai gudana). Taurin shine ikon kayan don tsayayya da nakasar filastik a cikin gida (ko micro-hardness, taurin Vickers, taurin Rockwell ko taurin Brinell). Dukansu suna da alaƙa mai kama da juna a lokuta da yawa. Ƙarfin kayan aiki, mafi girman juriya ga nakasar filastik, mafi girman darajar taurin. Sabanin haka, mafi girman taurin kayan, kayan na iya zama saboda ƙãra brittleness, ƙarfinsa bai cika nunawa a cikin irin wannan ƙarfin index darajar ba high.

Domin ya fi tsayi hõre zafi magani, da kuma yin amfani da abu a yanayin zafi da kyau a kasa da recrystallization zafin jiki na high-matsa lamba gami bututu karfe bututu abu (kamar low-carbon low-alloy karfe), sau da yawa amfani sanyi (sanyi nakasawa) haka. cewa ta hanyar ƙarfafa nakasa don inganta ƙarfi. Don haka, jigon ƙarfafa nakasawa yana cikin yanayin recrystallization na kayan abu a cikin nakasar sanyi mai zuwa, tare da ƙimar nakasawa (nauyi) yana ƙaruwa, yana haifar da babban ɗimbin ɓarna (lalacewar crystal), mafi girman ƙarancin dislocation a cikin crystal. , Mafi girman matakin haɓakawa, wato mafi girman damuwa na kwarara. Bayan nakasawa kwarara damuwa na karfe kada ya zama daidai kafin nakasar kwarara damuwa da ƙara nakasawa ƙarfafa kwarara danniya. Amfani da nakasawa ƙarfafa don cimma high ƙarfi karfe kayayyakin, hankula ne high-carbon karfe sanyi-ja karfe waya da low carbon low-alloy duplex karfe sanyi-ja karfe waya.

Tare da karuwa da digiri na lalacewa, ƙarfin abu da taurin ya fi girma kuma mafi girma, amma ductility da taurinsa sau da yawa suna raguwa da ƙasa, ƙara karuwa, wanda ke buƙatar dagewa don ɗaukar matakan da suka dace don inganta yanayin. Na ciki jawo a cikin martensitic lokaci canji lokaci sanyaya ga hardening, ta jiki jigon, shi ma nasa ne da nakasawa ƙarfafa, amma wannan lokaci ba daga waje nakasawa, amma aiwatar da martensitic canji daga crystal High-yawan wuri da kanta karfi generated da kuskure.