Alamun waje gama gari na bututu marasa sumul (smls):

1. Lalacewar nadawa
Rarraba ba bisa ka'ida ba: Idan mold slag ya kasance a cikin gida a saman dutsen simintin ci gaba, lahani mai zurfi zai bayyana a saman saman bututun da aka yi birgima, kuma za a rarraba su a tsayi, kuma "tubalan" za su bayyana a wasu sassan saman. . Zurfin nadawa na bututu mai birgima shine kusan 0.5 ~ 1mm, kuma jagorar nadawa rarraba shine 40 ° ~ 60 °.

2. Babban lahani na nadewa
Rarraba Tsayi: Lalacewar tsagewa da manyan lahani na nadawa suna bayyana a saman dutsen simintin gyare-gyare, kuma ana rarraba su a tsayi. Yawancin zurfin nadawa akan saman bututun ƙarfe maras sumul suna da kusan 1 zuwa 10 mm.

3. Ƙananan lahani
Lokacin gwada bututun ƙarfe maras sumul, akwai lahani a saman bangon bangon bututun waɗanda idanuwan tsirara ba za su iya gani ba. Akwai ƙananan lahani da yawa a saman bututun ƙarfe maras sumul, zurfin zurfin shine kusan 0.15mm, saman bututun ƙarfe mara nauyi an rufe shi da Layer na ƙarfe oxide, kuma akwai decarburization Layer ƙarƙashin ƙarfe oxide. zurfin yana kusan 0.2mm.

4. Lalacewar layi
Akwai lahani na layi a saman farfajiyar bututun ƙarfe maras sumul, kuma takamaiman halaye sune zurfin zurfi, buɗe ido mai faɗi, ƙasa mai gani, da faɗin koyaushe. Ana iya ganin bangon waje na ɓangaren giciye na bututun ƙarfe maras kyau tare da raguwa tare da zurfin <1mm, wanda ke cikin siffar tsagi. Bayan maganin zafi, akwai oxidation da decarburization a gefen tsagi na bututu.

5. Lalacewar tabo
Akwai lahani mara zurfi a saman farfajiyar bututun ƙarfe mara nauyi, tare da girma da wurare daban-daban. Babu oxidation, decarburization, da tarawa da haɗawa a kusa da rami; nama a kusa da rami yana matsi a karkashin babban zafin jiki, kuma filastik halayen rheological zai bayyana.

6. Quenching crack
Quenching da tempering zafi magani ne da za'ayi a kan sumul karfe tube, da kuma a tsaye lafiya fasa bayyana a kan m surface, wanda aka rarraba a cikin tube da wani nisa.

Lalacewar saman ciki gama gari na bututu marasa sumul:

1. Convex hull lahani
Siffofin macroscopic: bangon ciki na bututun ƙarfe maras sumul ya rarraba ƙananan lahani na tsayin daka, kuma tsayin waɗannan ƙananan lahani yana kusan 0.2mm zuwa 1mm.
Halayen ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa: Akwai sarka-kamar baƙar fata-launin toka a cikin wutsiya, tsakiya da kewaye da shinge mai ma'ana a bangarorin biyu na bangon ciki na ɓangaren giciye na bututun ƙarfe maras nauyi. Wannan nau'in sarkar baƙar fata mai launin toka ta ƙunshi aluminate aluminate da ƙaramin adadin abubuwan oxides (iron oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide).

2. Madaidaicin lahani
Siffofin macroscopic: Madaidaicin nau'in lahani yana bayyana a cikin bututun ƙarfe maras sumul, tare da wani zurfin zurfi da faɗi, kama da karce.

Halayen microscopic: Ƙunƙarar kan bangon ciki na ɓangaren giciye na bututun ƙarfe maras kyau suna cikin siffar tsagi tare da zurfin 1 zuwa 2 cm. Oxidative decarburization baya bayyana a gefen tsagi. The kewaye nama na tsagi yana da halaye na karfe rheology da nakasawa extrusion. Za a sami microcracks saboda girman extrusion yayin aiwatar da girman.