Ka kakaretso, tšepe ea liphaephe e bolela lithapo (lithapo tsa tšepe) le lipoleiti tsa tšepe tse sebelisetsoang ho hlahisa liphaephe tse cheselitsoeng ka maqhubu a phahameng, lipeipi tse tsoetsoeng ka tlas'a metsi, le liphaephe tse otlolohileng tse ka tlas'a metsi.

Ka keketseho ea khatello ea liphaephe le bophara ba liphaephe, tšepe ea liphaephe tse matla haholo (X56, X60, X65, X70, joalo-joalo) e 'nile ea ntlafatsoa ho itšetlehile ka tšepe e tlaase ea alloy e phahameng ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1960. Theknoloji ea rolling. Ka ho kenyelletsa li-trace elements (kakaretso ea chelete ha e fete 0.2%) tse kang niobium (Nb), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), le likarolo tse ling tsa motsoako ka har'a tšepe, le ka ho laola mokhoa oa ho roala, mochine o pharaletseng. thepa ea tšepe e ntlafala haholo. Matla a phahameng a liphaephe tsa tšepe ke theknoloji e phahameng, sehlahisoa sa boleng bo phahameng, 'me tlhahiso ea eona e sebetsa hoo e batlang e le katleho eohle e ncha ea theknoloji ea ts'ebetso lefapheng la metallurgical. Ho ka bonoa hore lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang liphaepheng tsa khase ea tlhaho tse telele li emela boemo ba indasteri ea tšepe ea naha ho isa bohōleng bo itseng.

Liphaephe tsa khase ea tlhaho tsa sebaka se selelele li na le mathata a kang maemo a thata a ts'ebetso, maemo a thata a jeoloji, mela e melelele, tlhokomelo e thata, le tse atisang ho robeha le ho hlōleha. Ka hona, tšepe ea liphaephe e lokela ho ba le thepa e ntle joalo ka matla a phahameng, ho tiea ho hoholo, ho chesoa, ho hanyetsa serame se matla le mocheso o tlase, le ho hanyetsa fracture.

Ho khetha tšepe ea matla a phahameng kapa ho eketsa botenya ba lebota la lipeipi tsa tšepe ho ka thusa liphaephe tsa khase ea tlhaho ho mamella khatello e phahameng ea phetisetso, ka hona ho eketsa matla a phetiso ea khase ea tlhaho. Le hoja theko ea tšepe e matla ea micro-alloy bakeng sa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse nang le bophara bo lekanang e ka ba 5% ho isa ho 10% e phahameng ho feta tšepe e tloaelehileng, boima ba phala ea tšepe bo ka fokotsoa ka hoo e ka bang 1/3, mokhoa oa ho etsa le ho tjheseletsa. ho bonolo, 'me litšenyehelo tsa lipalangoang le tsa ho beha le tsona li tlase. Boikoetliso bo pakile hore litšenyehelo tsa ho sebelisa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse matla a phahameng ke hoo e ka bang 1/2 feela ea litšenyehelo tsa liphaephe tse tloaelehileng tsa tšepe tse nang le khatello le bophara bo tšoanang, 'me lebota la liphaephe le fokotsehile' me monyetla oa ho robeha ha phala ke brittle. hape e fokotsehile. Ka hona, ka kakaretso ho khethoa ho eketsa matla a phala ea tšepe ho eketsa matla a liphaephe, ho e-na le ho eketsa botenya ba lerako la pipe ea tšepe.

Matšoao a matla a tšepe ea liphaephe haholo-holo a kenyelletsa matla a tsitsitseng le matla a ho hlahisa. Litšepe tsa liphaephe tse nang le matla a phahameng a tlhahiso li ka fokotsa palo ea tšepe e sebelisoang liphaepheng tsa khase, empa matla a phahameng haholo a tlhahiso a tla fokotsa ho tiea ha phala ea tšepe, ho etsa hore phala ea tšepe e tabohe, e phatlohe, joalo-joalo, le ho baka likotsi tsa polokeho. Leha ho hloka matla a phahameng, karo-karolelano ea matla a chai ho matla a ho tsikitlanya (karolelano ea matla a chai) ea tšepe ea liphaephe e tlameha ho nahanoa ka botlalo. Karolelano e loketseng ea lihlahisoa ho matla e ka etsa bonnete ba hore pipe ea tšepe e na le matla a lekaneng le boima bo lekaneng, kahoo e ntlafatsa polokeho ea mohaho oa liphaephe.

Hang ha phaephe ea khase e nang le khatello e phahameng e robeha 'me e hlōleha, khase e hatelitsoeng e tla atoloha ka potlako le ho lokolla matla a mangata, e leng se bakang liphello tse tebileng tse kang ho phatloha le mollo. Ho fokotsa ho hlaha ha likotsi tse joalo, moralo oa liphaephe o lokela ho nahana ka hloko moralo oa taolo ea ho robeha ho tsoa likarolong tse peli tse latelang: Ea pele, phala ea tšepe e lokela ho sebetsa ka linako tsohle boemong bo thata, ke hore, mocheso oa phetoho ea ductile-brittle ea phala e tlameha ho ba teng. e tlase ho feta mocheso o tikolohong oa litšebeletso oa phaephe ho netefatsa hore ha ho na likotsi tsa ho robeha ha brittle tse hlahang liphaepheng tsa tšepe. Ea bobeli, ka mor'a ho robeha ha ductile ho etsahala, ho phatloha ho tlameha ho emisoa ka hare ho 1 ho bolelele ba liphaephe tsa 2 ho qoba tahlehelo e kholo e bakoang ke ho atolosoa ha nako e telele ea ho phatloha. Liphaephe tsa khase tsa tlhaho tsa sebaka se selelele li sebelisa mokhoa oa ho tjheseletsa girth ho hokahanya lipeipi tsa tšepe ka bonngoe. Tikoloho e thata ea kaho tšimong e na le tšusumetso e kholo ho boleng ba girth welding, e bakang mapetsong habonolo, ho fokotsa ho tiea ha chesella le sebaka se anngoeng ke mocheso, le ho eketsa monyetla oa ho phatloha ha lipeipi. Ka hona, tšepe ea pipeline ka boeona e na le ts'ebetso e ntle haholo ea weldability, e leng ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa boleng ba tjheseletso le polokeho ka kakaretso ea pipeline.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka nts'etsopele le merafo ea khase ea tlhaho e fetelang mahoatateng, libaka tse lithaba, libaka tsa polar le maoatle, liphaephe tsa libaka tse telele hangata li tlameha ho feta libakeng tse nang le maemo a thata haholo a jeoloji le a leholimo a kang libaka tsa permafrost, libaka tse hoholehang ha mobu, le libaka tsa tšisinyeho ea lefatše. Ho thibela lipeipi tsa tšepe ho holofala ka lebaka la ho putlama ha mobu le ho sisinyeha nakong ea ts'ebeletso, lipeipi tsa phetisetso ea khase tse libakeng tse atisang ho ba le litšisinyeho tsa lefatše le likoluoa ​​​​tsa jeoloji li lokela ho sebelisa lipeipi tsa tšepe tse hananang le moralo tse hananang le ho senyeha ho hoholo. Liphaephe tse sa patoang tse fetang libakeng tse ka holimo-limo, libaka tsa mobu o leqhoa, libaka tse phahameng, kapa libaka tse phahameng tsa mocheso o tlaase li tlas'a teko ea serame se phahameng selemo ho pota. Liphaephe tsa tšepe tsa liphaephe tse nang le khanyetso e ntle ea mocheso o tlase oa brittle fracture li lokela ho khethoa; liphaephe tse patiloeng tse jeoang ke metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše le mobu o tsamaisang haholo Bakeng sa liphaephe, phekolo e thibelang ho bola ka hare le ka ntle ho liphaephe e lokela ho matlafatsoa.