Melemo ea Ke bone phala ea tšepe
E ka senya sebopeho sa ingot casting, ho hloekisa lijo-thollo tsa tšepe, le ho felisa mefokolo ea microstructure, e le hore mohaho oa tšepe o be o teteaneng le thepa ea mechine e ntlafatsoa. Ntlafatso ena e bonahala haholo-holo ka tataiso ea ho bilika, e le hore phala ea tšepe ea lsaw e se e le 'mele oa isotropic ho isa tekanyong e itseng; li-bubble, mapetsong le ho hlephileng tse entsoeng nakong ea ho tšela li ka boela tsa chesetsoa tlas'a mocheso o phahameng le khatello.

Mefokolo ea lsaw tšepe pipe
1. Khatello e setseng e bakoang ke ho tsidifala ho sa lekaneng. Khatello ea maikutlo e setseng ke khatello ea maikutlo ea ho leka-lekana ka hare ho motho ka mong ntle le matla a ka ntle. Litšepe tse chesang tsa likarolo tse fapaneng li na le khatello e joalo e setseng. E kholoanyane karolo ea boholo ba tšepe e akaretsang, khatello e setseng e kholoanyane. Le hoja khatello e setseng e ikemela, e ntse e e-na le tšusumetso e itseng ts'ebetsong ea likarolo tsa tšepe tlas'a matla a ka ntle. Ka mohlala, e ka 'na ea e-ba le liphello tse mpe ho deformation, botsitso, le ho hanyetsa mokhathala.

2. Ka mor'a ho cheselletsa, li-inclusions tse se nang tšepe ka hare ho phala ea tšepe ea lsaw li hatelloa ka lilae tse tšesaane, 'me ketsahalo ea delamination e etsahala. Delamination e theola haholo thepa ea phala ea tšepe ea lsaw ka lehlakoreng la botenya, 'me e ka' na ea honyela ho seam weld. Ho taboha ha interlaminar ho etsahala. Khatello ea sebakeng seo e bakoang ke shrinkage ea weld hangata e fihla ka makhetlo a 'maloa khatello ea lihlahisoa, e leng e kholo haholo ho feta khatello e bakoang ke mojaro.