1. Tlhahlobo ea metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale: mokhoa oa ho hlahloba lik'hemik'hale, mokhoa oa ho hlahloba lisebelisoa (seletsa sa infrared CS, spectrometer ea ho bala ka ho toba, zcP, joalo-joalo). ① Metara ea Infrared CS: Hlahloba li-ferroalloys, lisebelisoa tse tala tsa tšepe, le likarolo tsa C le S ka tšepe. ② spectrometer ea ho bala ka ho toba: C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Ni, Cn, A1, W, V, Ti, B, Nb, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi ka lisampole tse ngata. ③N-0 mitha: Tlhahlobo ea khase ea N le O.

2. Lipeipi tsa tšepe litekanyo tsa geometri le tlhahlobo ea ponahalo:
① Tlhahlobo ea botenya ba lipeipi tsa tšepe: micrometer, gauge ea botenya ba ultrasonic, e seng ka tlase ho lintlha tse 8 lipheletsong ka bobeli le ho rekota.
② Pipe ea tšepe bophara ba ka ntle le tlhahlobo ea ovality: caliper, vernier caliper, ring gauge, lekanya ntlha e phahameng le ntlha e fokolang.
③Tlhahlobo ea bolelele ba lipeipi tsa tšepe: tekanyo ea teipi ea tšepe, tekanyo ea letsoho le bolelele ba othomathike.
④ Tekolo ea ho kobeha ha pipe ea tšepe: Sebelisa rula, boemo (1m), gauge ea feeler, le terata e tšesaane ho lekanya ho kobeha ha mithara le ho kobeha ha bolelele bohle.
⑤ Tlhahlobo ea lipeipi tsa tšepe qetellong ea bevel angle le bohale bo sa hlakang: rula ea lisekoere le poleiti ea clamping.

3. Tlhahlobo ea boleng ba holim'a phala ea tšepe: 100%
① Tlhahlobo ea pono ka letsoho: maemo a mabone, litekanyetso, boiphihlelo, matšoao, ho potoloha ha lipeipi tsa tšepe.
② Tlhahlobo e sa senyeheng: a. Ultrasonic flaw discovery UT: E na le kutloelo-bohloko ho mefokolo ea bokaholimo le kahare ea thepa e ts'oanang ea lisebelisoa tse fapaneng. E tloaelehileng: GB/T 5777-1996. Boemo: Boemo ba C5.
b. Ho lemoha liphoso tsa Eddy hona joale ET: (electromagnetic induction): haholo-holo e tsotella bofokoli bo nang le sebopeho (se nang le sekoti). E tloaelehileng: GB/T 7735-2004. Boemo: B boemo.
c. Magnetic particle MT le tlhahlobo ea ho lutla ha matla a khoheli: Tlhahlobo ea Magnetic e loketse ho bona bofokoli bo kaholimo le bo haufi ba thepa ea ferromagnetic. E tloaelehileng: GB/T 12606-1999. Boemo: Boemo ba C4
d. Ho lemoha phoso ea elektromagnetic ultrasonic: Ha ho na mokhoa oa ho kopanya o hlokahalang, 'me o ka sebelisoa ho lemoha bofokoli ba lipeipi tsa tšepe tse phahameng, tse lebelo le holimo.
e. Teko ea ho kenella ka hare: fluorescence, mebala, ho bona mefokolo ea holim'a lipeipi tsa tšepe.

4. Tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso ea tšepe: ① Teko ea ho tsitsisa: lekanya khatello ea maikutlo le ho senyeha, le ho fumana matla (YS, TS) le index ea polasetiki (A, Z) ea thepa. Mehlala e telele le e pota-potileng, likarolo tsa liphaephe, li-arc-shape le li chitja (￠10, ￠12.5). Small bophara tšesaane lerako tšepe phala, khōlō bophara botenya lerako tšepe phala, tsitsitseng gauge bolelele. Tlhokomeliso: Bolelele ba mohlala ka mor'a ho robeha bo amana le boholo ba mohlala oa GB/T 1760.
②Teko ea phello: CVN, mofuta oa C-notched, mofuta oa V, mosebetsi oa J boleng J/cm2. Mohlala o tloaelehileng 10×10×55 (mm) Mohlala o sa tloaelehang 5×10×55 (mm)
③Teko ea boima: Brinell hardness HB, Rockwell hardness HRC, Vickers hardness HV, joalo-joalo.
④Teko ea Hydraulic: khatello ea teko, nako ea ho tsitsisa khatello, p=2Sδ/D

5. Ts'ebetso ea tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea lipeipi tsa tšepe:
① Teko ea ho batalla: mohlala o chitja oa sebopeho sa C (S/D>0.15) H= (1+2)S/(∝+S/D)
L=40~100mm Deformation coefficient per unit length=0.07~0.08
② Teko ea ho hula: L = 15mm, ha ho na mapetsong, e ea tšoaneleha
③ Teko ea ho holisa le ho kobeha: taper e bohareng ba bohareng ke 30°, 40°, 60°
④Teko ea ho kobeha: e ka nka sebaka sa teko e bataletseng (bakeng sa liphaephe tse kholo tsa bophara)

6. Tlhahlobo ea metallurgic ea pipe ea tšepe:
①Tlhahlobo ea matla a phahameng (tlhahlobo ea microscopic): li-non-metallic inclusions 100x GB/T 10561 Boholo ba lijo-thollo: kereiti, phapang ea kereiti. Mokhatlo: M, B, S, T, P, F, AS. Decarburization layer: ka hare le kantle. Mokhoa oa A tekanyo: Sehlopha sa A - sulfide, Sehlopha sa B - oxide, Sehlopha sa C - silicate, D - spherical oxidation, Sehlopha sa DS.
②Teko ea kholo e tlase (tlhahlobo ea macroscopic): mahlo a hlobotseng, khalase e holisang 10x kapa ka tlase. a. Mokhoa oa ho lekola acid etching. b. Mokhoa oa ho hlahloba likhatiso tsa sebabole (tlhahlobo e se nang letho, e bonts'ang meaho le mefokolo ea maemo a tlase, joalo ka bohlasoa, karohano, li-bubble tse ka tlase ho letlalo, mameno a letlalo, matheba a masoeu, li-inclusions, joalo-joalo c. Mokhoa oa ho hlahloba moriri o bopehileng joaloka Tora: tlhahlobo ea palo ea moriri, Bolelele, le kabo.