Bearing pipe ke mofuta oaphala ea tšepe e se nang moroaloka ho chesa kapa ho kolobisoa ka serame ( ho huloa ka serame ), e sebelisetsoang ho etsa mehele e tloaelehileng ea ho jara.Bophara ba ka ntle ba phala hangata ke 25-180 mm le botenya ba 3.5-20 mm.Ho roala tšepe ho sebelisoa ho etsa bolo, rolara le mehele ea tšepe.Li-bearings li sebetsa tlas'a khatello e matla le likhohlano, li hloka boima bo phahameng le bo lekanang ba tšepe le ho hanyetsa ho roala, le moeli o phahameng oa elastic.Ho jara tšepe ea lik'hemik'hale sebopeho se tšoanang, dikahare tse se nang tšepe tse kenyelletsoeng le kabo, kabo ea li-carbides le litlhoko tse ling ke litlhoko tse thata haholo tsa tlhahiso eohle ea tšepe ho e 'ngoe ea limaraka tse hlokang ka ho fetesisa tsa tšepe.

Ho jara tšepe ho na le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa boleng ba ho qhibiliha, ho sa le joalo, 'me ho hloka taolo e tiileng ea sebabole, phosphorus, dikahare tsa hydrogen, le li-inclusions tse se nang tšepe le li-carbides tsa palo, boholo le kabo, li-inclusions tse se nang tšepe le carbides e le palo, boholo le bophelo ba tšebeletso ea kabo ea tšepe e belehang tšusumetso e kholo, hangata e jereng ho hloleha ke ka carbide inclusions kholo kapa micro-mapetsong a hlahisoang ho pota katoloso ho.Likahare tsa inclusions le oksijene ka har'a tšepe li amana haufi-ufi le oksijene e phahameng, ho feta palo ea li-inclusions, nako e khutšoanyane ea bophelo.Le carbide inclusions kholoanyane phatsa boholo, ho feta junifono kabo, e khutsoanyane bophelo ba tšebeletso, le boholo ba bona , kabo le tšebeliso ea smelting tshebetso le boleng smelting e amana haufi-ufi, hona joale jereng tlhahiso ea tšepe hammoho le tshebetso e ka sehloohong ke e tsoelang pele. ho lahla mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha oa EAF + ESR, hammoho le palo e nyane ea vacuum induction vacuum arc double vacuum kapa + khafetsa vacuum consumable le theknoloji e meng ho ntlafatsa boleng ba tšepe e belehang.

Kaha ho beha ho lokela ho ba le bophelo ba nako e telele, ho nepahala ho phahameng, mocheso o tlase, lebelo le phahameng, ho tiea ho phahameng, lerata le tlaase, ho hanyetsa ho roala holimo le litšobotsi tse ling, ka hona ho hloka hore pipe e behiloe e lokela ho ba le: boima bo phahameng, boima bo lekaneng, moeli o phahameng oa rekere, o phahameng. ho kopana le matla a mokhathala, ho tlameha ho be thata, ho thatafala ho tlameha ho ba ho hanyetsa kutu ea sepakapaka ea lubricant.Ho fihlela litlhoko tsena tsa ts'ebetso, sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale tsa li-bearings tsa tšepe homogeneity, dikahare tse se nang tšepe tse kenyelletsoeng le mofuta, boholo le kabo ea li-carbides, ho hloka decarburization.Kakaretso e nang le tšepe ho ea boleng bo holimo, ts'ebetso e phahameng le tataiso ea mefuta e mengata.Ho jara tšepe ho ea ka litšoaneleho le tikoloho ea kopo li arotsoe ka: tšepe e phahameng ea carbon chromium, tšepe ea carburizing, tšepe e nang le mocheso o phahameng, tšepe e sa hloekang le lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa ho jara.Ho kopana le mocheso o phahameng, lebelo le phahameng, mojaro o phahameng, kutu, litlhoko tse khahlanong le mahlaseli a kotsi, ho hlokahala ho hlahisa letoto la ts'ebetso e khethehileng ea tšepe e ncha ea ho jara.E le ho fokotsa litaba tsa oksijene tsa tšepe e nang le tšepe, nts'etsopele ea ho qhibiliha ha vacuum, electroslag remelting, electron beam remelting e nang le theknoloji ea ho qhibilihisa tšepe.Bongata bo boholo ba ho qhibiliha ha tšepe ka ho qhibiliha ha arc, ho fetoha mefuta eohle ea sebōpi sa ho hloekisa sa Canada.