Kopana le mathata lesoba a atile haholo tshebetso tjheseletsa, tjheseletsa thepa omisa, kutu ea tšepe botlaaseng le consumables tjheseletsa, tshebetso tjheseletsa ha ea tsitsang oli e lekaneng le litšila le ho sireletsa mafutsana tla ba likhato tse sa tšoaneng tsa blowholes.Classification ea tjheseletsa porosity, blowholes lebaka la motheo ke ka lebaka la mocheso phahameng tsa tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng ka ho qhibiliha palo e kholo ea khase, karolo ea khase ka tjheseletsa ha crystallization nako ho baleha, ho thehoa ha pores.

Ho ea ka sebopeho sa khase e hlahisoang, porosity ka tšepe ea weld ka mor'a ho tjheseletsa ke haholo-holo hydrogen lesoba le CO stomatal.Bakeng sa tlaase-khabone tšepe tjheseletsa, lesoba hydrogen ka holim'a tjheseletsa tabeng ea boholo ba karolo ea sefapano-karolo ea pores sekoti-e bōpehileng joaloka, boreleli leboteng sebuela-hōle molomo e bōpehileng joaloka ha e talingoa ho tloha holim'a tjheseletsa.Ka lebaka la mocheso o phahameng, ho qhibiliha ha haedrojene ka bateng e qhibilihisitsoeng le lerotholi la tšepe le phahame, ho tiisa ka potlako tšepe ea weld ha ho etsoa tjheseletsa, hydrogen e se e le morao haholo ho baleha, e thehoa ka khase ea weld.CO moloko oa masoba haholo-holo ka lebaka la karabelo metallurgical hlahisa CO khase setseng ka crystallization ka hare ho chesella.Kabo ea stomatal ka lehlakoreng la kristale e na le ponahalo e kang seboko.Lintho tse amang li-pores tsa khase li entsoe ka metallurgy le mosebetsi.Tšusumetso e kholo ea likarolo tsa metallurgical tsa karabelo ea metallurgic ea thepa ea ho tjheseletsa ts'ebetsong ea tjheseletsa, mofuta oa sepakapaka se sireletsang, thepa e lokelang ho kolobisoa pele ho tjheseletsa boemo ba pele, mohlala, phello ea mongobo, ho bola ha porosity ea weld. moloko.tjheseletsa tshebetso e le tshebetso metallurgical bakeng sa ho ba le litšobotsi tse fapaneng le tloaelehileng metallurgical, nako e khutšoanyane itsoara joang le tšireletso Atmosphere futsanehileng motse e le hore tšepe tjheseletsa le thepa motheo tšepe, mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng microscopic phapang teng.The oxidation ea slag stomatal sensitivity ea ho hanyetsa ha chesella e na le tšusumetso e kholo, liteko li bontša hore ka bobeli acidic le tsa motheo electrode CO stomatal tšekamelo ea eketseha ka ho eketseha slag oxidation ho hanyetsa.Empa tšekamelo ea lesoba la haedrojene ho fapana le hoo.Ho feta CO ka lebaka la haedrojene ka sebopeho tšepe ea Compliance Compliance hangata ho nkoa hatelloa e le hore ho finyella ho boloka slag loketseng oxidizing haedrojene.E boetse e sebelisoa ka mokhoa oa sebele oa ho tjheseletsa mekhoa e joalo.E eketsoa ka sebopeho se matla sa oxidizing acid electrode.Ho hlahisa haedrojene lesoba ho ka thibeloa.The alkaline electrode ile a phaella ka fluorite, hangata na le palo e itseng ea carbonate.Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea welding, phello ea ho futhumatsa ea arc ea Fe203 e hlahisa O generated Fe30 Fe |0 HO karabelo ka mocheso o phahameng ho tsosolosa Fe20, 'me H, elemental Fe le HO FeO le H e hlahisoa ka mocheso o phahameng, ho ka bonoa mafome bakeng sa ho thehoa ha mefuta e' meli ea li-pores e na le tšusumetso e kholoanyane.Tloaelehileng tjheseletsa tshebetso tjheseletsa lintlha bakeng sa sebopeho sa tjheseletsa porosity na le tshusumetso e itseng, empa ho nka lintlha tse loketseng bakeng sa tshebetso, tjheseletsa hona joale, tjheseletsa gagamalo na le tšusumetso e fokolang ka sebopeho sa pores ka tlaase-khabone tšepe tjheseletsa.

Sebakeng se tlaase sa carbon steel welding, sebaka sa weld fusion, inclusions, se tla etsa hore ho fokotsehe ha tšepe ea weld e fokotsehe, ho eketsa tšekamelo ea ho phatloha ho chesang le ho rusolla ha lamellar.Li-inclusions tsa weld haholo-holo li-oxides, nitrides le sulfide.Li-inclusions tsa oxide le ho feta ka kakaretso li teng ka sebōpeho sa silicate, silica;oxide inclusions generated haholo-holo karabelo metallurgical ka lebaka la tshebetso tjheseletsa, tshebetso sebele tjheseletsa ka lintho tse bonahalang tse tjheseletsa le khetha maemo a loketseng ka lebaka la tshebetso e sa lokang tjheseletsa tsoakiloeng tjheseletsa oxide inclusions ke palo e nyenyane ea.Nitride e tsoakiloeng haholo-holo N ka tšepe e tlaase ea carbon steel welding, tšepe ea Fe4N e chesehang e theoha nakong ea botsofali, sebopeho se kang sa nale se ajoa ka har'a lijo-thollo kapa ka meeli ea lijo-thollo, e leng se bakang ho fokotseha ha ho tiea ha tšepe ea weld.Low carbon steel welding, mohloli oa naetrojene bakeng sa sepakapaka se potolohileng, ke hore, ho tloha sepakapakeng se potolohileng ho ile ha kenella puddle ea weld ha khase ea naetrojene e ne e bakoa ke ho kenngoa le ts'ireletso e fokolang ea ts'ebetso ea tjheseletsa e bakoa haholo ke ho thehoa ha li-inclusions tsa nitride.Sebabole sa sulfide hangata se tsoa linthong tse chesellang, joalo ka ho roala rod, flux, weld sulfide MnS le FeS.Li-weld inclusions li baka tlhahiso ea sebele ea welding ka kakaretso: khetho ea welding e fosahetse kapa e sa utloahaleng;lintlha tse tjheseletsang ha lia lokela, joalo ka tjheseletsa hona joale, tjheseletsa gagamalo e sa lokelang ho fella ka slag ho le thata ho nyoloha;tjheseletsa le ho tjheseletsa ka bongata, weld ha e hlwekile slag;tjheseletsa, angle ea eleketrode le bareng ea lipalangoang tse sa lokelang tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng le slag e tsoakiloeng hammoho;ts'ebetso e futsanehileng ea ts'ireletso ea letamo la weld, moea o ts'oarellang o sireletsang moea.

Mehato ea tekheniki ea ho thibela bofokoli ba lipeipi tsa tšepe tse tlase tsa carbon
Khetho ea thepa ea ho tjheseletsa e ama ka ho toba tshebetso le ho hlophisoa ha tšepe ea weld, e nang le bohlokoa ba bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho thibela le ho laola mefokolo ea welding.Lintlha tsa ts'ebetso li kenyelletsa likarolo tsa litlhaloso tsa welding, mofuta oa ts'ebetso ea hona joale le ea welding.Khetho e nepahetseng ea phepelo ea motlakase bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa welding ke ntho e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho thibela mefokolo ea welding.Phetoho ea thepa ea tjheseletsa kapele haholo, ka lebaka la nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea theknoloji ea elektroniki, mohloli oa matla a tjheseletsa o ntse o fetoha haholo.Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tse tlaase tsa carbon tšepe tjheseletsa, lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa tjheseletsa ho haha.Empa ts'ebetso e ntle ea ts'ebetso ea sesebelisoa e bakiloeng e ke ke ea hlokomolohuoa.E tlameha ho lokisa maemo a loketseng a thepa ea motheo a lebisitse mehato ea ts'ebetso ea welding.Ho kenyeletsoa litlhaloso tsa welding, mofuta oa ts'ebetso ea hajoale, ts'ebetso ea welding, groove le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso e hloekileng ea layer.Litlhaloso tsa welding li kenyelletsa hona joale oa welding, voltage ea welding, lebelo la welding le likarolo tse ling.Ts'ebetso ea welding e lokela ho etsoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng.Tabeng ea welding voltage.Ho eketseha ha tjheseletsa hona joale ho tla lebisa ho eketseha ha botebo ba ho kenella ha bate e entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa;tabeng ea ho tjheseletsa hona joale, ho eketseha ha motlakase oa welding ho tla lebisa ho eketseha ha bophara ba ho qhibiliha ha bateng;empa hona joale e ntse e eketseha.Sephetho ka arc phetoho tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng likaroloana fokotseha.Karolelano ea sebaka se ka holimo e eketseha, khase e kenngoa ke phetoho ea likaroloana tsa tšepe tse qhibilihisitsoeng Multiple e eketsehile stomatal tšekamelo;arc voltage e bakoang ke ho eketseha ha sepakapaka se sireletsang welding se fokotsehile, moea o ka ntle o kene habonolo;lebelo tjheseletsa eketseha, e le hore lebelo crystallization e eketseha, empa hape ho le bonolo ho etsa khase mesaletsa The tšekamelo e ile ea eketseha ho etsa hore masoba ka tšepe weld.Ka hona, ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang ho boloka mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea kaho e loketseng moloko oa likoli.