Kukonza, kuyendetsa ndi kusungirako mafuta kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndi kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi dzimbiri.Mafuta apansi pansi amakhala ndi zinthu monga sulfure ndi hydrogen sulfide zomwe zimatha kutulutsa payipi.Ili ndiye vuto lalikulu mu nthawi yamayendedwe amafuta.Choncho, zinthu zomwe zasankhidwa ziyenera kukwaniritsa zosowazi.Chitsulo ndiye chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ponyamula ndi kusunga mafuta.Njira zina zapangidwa kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu zake komanso kukana dzimbiri.

Anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chachitsulo kwazaka zambiri.Mapaipi achitsulo ndi aatali, opanda machubu.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pali mamiliyoni a matani a chitoliro chakuda chakuda chomwe chimapangidwa chaka chilichonse;amasinthasintha kwambiri motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri.Sizovuta kupeza kuti mapaipi achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri.Popeza ndi olimba komanso olimba, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula mafuta, gasi, madzi m'mizinda ndi matauni.Zitha kukhala zopepuka ngakhale zimakhala zovuta.Chitoliro chakuda, mtundu wa chitoliro chakuda chachitsulo, chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba zomangidwa zaka za m'ma 1960 zisanafike.Koma popeza mapaipi akuda ndi olimba, amagwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati gasi ndi mzere wamafuta.Kuwoneka kwakuda kumapangidwa ndi sikelo yakuda ya oxide popanga chitoliro chachitsulo.

Mapaipi achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale amafuta ndi magawo ena ambiri, motero amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwamafuta.Pali mitundu yambiri ya chitoliro chachitsulo chamafuta;Mitundu iwiriyi ndi chitoliro cha chitsime chamafuta (chitoliro chobowola, chitoliro chobowola, chitoliro chapaipi, chitoliro cha chubu ndi zina zotero) ndi chitoliro chonyamulira gasi.Mapaipi achitsulo amatha kukwiriridwa mobisa kwazaka mazana ambiri popanda kuwonongeka pang'ono komwe kumapereka mbiri ku kukana kwawo kupsinjika kwa crack.Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito posungira kunja chifukwa cha ntchito yodalirika yodalirika.Kubowola bwino pakufufuza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumafunikira mapaipi obowola ndi makolala obowola, thumba lachitsime lolimbitsira, ndikubwezeretsanso mafuta kumafunikira machubu.M'zaka zaposachedwa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapachaka kwa mapaipi amafuta ndi pafupifupi matani 1.3 miliyoni.Kuyendetsa mapaipi ndi njira yotsika mtengo komanso yololera yopangira mafuta.

Ndi kukula kwachangu kwa mapaipi, kufunikira kwa chitoliro chonyamula mafuta kunakwera kwambiri ku China.Chitoliro chachitsulo chakuda ndi mtundu wa chitoliro chachitsulo cha API chomwe chili ndi sikelo yakuda ya oxide pamwamba pake.Ndiwotsika mtengo komanso wocheperako kuposa mapaipi ena achitsulo kotero ndi wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi.Nthawi zambiri, chitoliro cha chitsulo chosakanizidwa ndi magetsi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza mafuta omwe angatsimikizire kutsimikizika kotsimikizika mukamagwiritsa ntchito.Mtundu uwu wa chitoliro wofatsa zitsulo nthawi zonse khola mu malo otentha kapena chonyowa.Kufunika konyamula mafuta kuti apereke mphamvu kumapangitsa kuti makampani opanga mapaipi azitsulo apitirire kukula komanso kusamala kwambiri.Utoto wosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri, wotengera madzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakunja kuti zisawonongeke mumlengalenga panthawi yoyenda ndi kusunga.Mukhozanso kuthandizira zigawo zoteteza kwambiri pa mapaipi kuti zikhale zolimba.