Kunyamula chitoliro ndi mtundu waChitoliro chachitsulo chosasinthikandi kutenthedwa kapena kuzizira (kozizira), komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphete zonyamula wamba.The m'mimba mwake akunja chitoliro zambiri 25-180 mm ndi khoma makulidwe 3.5-20 mm.Kunyamula zitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mpira, roller ndi mphete zonyamula zachitsulo.Zimbalangondo zimagwira ntchito movutikira kwambiri komanso kukangana, zimafunikira kulimba kwachitsulo cholimba komanso kofananako komanso kukana kuvala, komanso malire otanuka kwambiri.Kukhala ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zofanana, zosagwirizana ndi zitsulo zosakanikirana ndi kugawa, kugawa kwa carbides ndi zofunikira zina ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zitsulo zonse mumodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zachitsulo.

Kunyamula zitsulo ali mkulu smelting zofunika khalidwe, panthawiyi, ndipo amafuna kulamulira okhwima sulfure, phosphorous, okhutira haidrojeni, ndi inclusions sanali zitsulo ndi carbides chiwerengero, kukula ndi kugawa, sanali zitsulo inclusions ndi carbides monga chiwerengero, kukula ndi kugawa moyo utumiki wa kubala zitsulo chikoka chachikulu, nthawi zambiri kubala kulephera ndi inclusions lalikulu carbide kapena yaying'ono ming'alu kwaiye kuzungulira kutambasuka kwa.Zomwe zili mkati ndi mpweya wa okosijeni muzitsulo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mpweya wochuluka wa okosijeni, kuchuluka kwa ma inclusions, moyo wautali wautali.Ndipo carbide inclusions zazikulu tinthu kukula, zambiri yunifolomu kugawa, ndi lalifupi moyo utumiki, ndi kukula kwawo, kugawa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko smelting ndi khalidwe smelting zikugwirizana kwambiri, tsopano kubala zitsulo kupanga komanso ndondomeko yaikulu ndi mosalekeza. kuponyera EAF + ESR smelting ndondomeko, komanso pang'ono vacuum induction vacuum arc awiri vacuum kapena + mobwerezabwereza vacuum consumable ndi teknoloji ina kupititsa patsogolo khalidwe la kubala chitsulo.

Popeza kubala ayenera kukhala ndi moyo wautali, mwatsatanetsatane mkulu, kutentha otsika, liwilo, mkulu okhazikika, phokoso otsika, mkulu kuvala kukana ndi makhalidwe ena, motero amafuna chitoliro ayenera kukhala: mkulu kuuma, yunifolomu kuuma, mkulu malire zotanuka, mkulu kukhudzana ndi kutopa mphamvu, ayenera kulimba, kuuma kuyenera kukhala mumlengalenga kukana dzimbiri wa lubricant.Kuti akwaniritse zofunikira izi magwiridwe antchito, zikuchokera zitsulo mayendedwe homogeneity, sanali zitsulo kuphatikiza zili ndi mtundu, kukula ndi kugawa carbides, decarburization wovuta.Chitsulo chonse chonyamula mpaka chapamwamba, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso njira yamitundu yambiri.Kunyamula zitsulo molingana ndi mawonekedwe ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito amagawidwa kukhala: chitsulo cha carbon chromium chokhala ndi zitsulo, zitsulo zokhala ndi carburizing, zitsulo zotentha kwambiri, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zipangizo zapadera zonyamula.Kuti akwaniritse kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, katundu wambiri, dzimbiri, zotsutsana ndi ma radiation, zimayenera kupanga mndandanda wa machitidwe apadera a zitsulo zatsopano.Pofuna kuchepetsa mpweya wonyamula zitsulo, chitukuko cha vacuum smelting, electroslag remelting, elekitironi mtengo remelting kubala zitsulo smelting luso.Kuchuluka kwazitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo zosungunuka ndi arc kusungunuka, kuti zikhale mitundu yonse ya ng'anjo yoyenga yaku Canada.