Anakumana ndi mavuto dzenje zambiri mu ndondomeko kuwotcherera, kuwotcherera zipangizo kuyanika, dzimbiri m'munsi zitsulo ndi kuwotcherera consumables, kuwotcherera ndondomeko si khola zokwanira mafuta ndi zosafunika ndi kuteteza osauka adzakhala mosiyanasiyana ma blowholes.Gulu la weld porosity, ndi blowholes chifukwa chachikulu chifukwa cha kutentha kwa chitsulo chosungunula ndi kusungunula kuchuluka kwa mpweya, gawo la mpweya mu weld pamene crystallization nthawi kuthawa, mapangidwe pores.

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mpweya, porosity mu weld zitsulo pambuyo kuwotcherera makamaka wa haidrojeni dzenje ndi CO stomatal.Pakuti otsika mpweya zitsulo kuwotcherera, haidrojeni dzenje mu kuwotcherera pamwamba pa nkhani ya ambiri a mtanda gawo la pores wononga zoboola pakati, yosalala khoma chowuzira mawu pakamwa woboola pakati pamene ankaona kuchokera pamwamba pa kuwotcherera.Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, kusungunuka kwa haidrojeni mumsamba wosungunuka ndi dontho lachitsulo ndilokwera, kukhazikika kwachitsulo chowotcherera muzitsulo zowotcherera, hydrogen imachedwa kuthawa, imapangidwa mu mpweya wowotcherera.CO m'badwo mabowo makamaka chifukwa zitsulo zochita kupanga CO mpweya otsala mu crystallization mkati weld.Kugawidwa kwa stomatal motsatira kristalo kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe ngati nyongolotsi.Zomwe zimakhudza ma pores a gasi zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo komanso kupanga.Mphamvu yaikulu ya zitsulo mbali ya metallurgical anachita wa kuwotcherera zinthu mu ndondomeko kuwotcherera, chikhalidwe cha mlengalenga zoteteza, zinthu kuti welded pamaso kuwotcherera chikhalidwe choyambirira, mwachitsanzo, zotsatira za chinyezi, dzimbiri wa weld porosity. m'badwo.kuwotcherera ndondomeko monga ndondomeko metallurgical kukhala ndi makhalidwe osiyana zitsulo wamba, yochepa anachita nthawi ndi chitetezo Atmosphere osauka mzinda kuti weld zitsulo ndi m'munsi zitsulo zakuthupi, bungwe kusiyana yaying'ono alipo.The makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa slag stomatal tilinazo kukana kuwotcherera ali ndi chikoka chachikulu, kuyesera amasonyeza kuti onse acidic ndi zofunika elekitirodi CO stomatal chizolowezi kumawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka slag makutidwe ndi okosijeni kukana.Koma chizolowezi cha dzenje la haidrojeni m'malo mwake.Kuposa CO chifukwa cha haidrojeni mu dongosolo zitsulo za Compliance Compliance nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kuponderezedwa kuti akwaniritse kukhalabe slag yoyenera oxidizing wa haidrojeni.Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwenikweni kuwotcherera kupanga njira zoterezi.Anawonjezera ndi amphamvu oxidizing asidi elekitirodi zikuchokera.Kutulutsa kwa haidrojeni mu dzenje kumatha kupewedwa.The alkaline elekitirodi anawonjezera fluorite, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa carbonate.Pa kuwotcherera ndondomeko, kuwotcherera arc Kutentha zotsatira za Fe203 kuwonongeka zimatulutsa O kwaiye Fe30 Fe |0 HO anachita pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti ayambitsenso Fe20, ndi H, elemental Fe ndi HO FeO ndi H amapangidwa pa kutentha kwakukulu, amatha kuwoneka dzimbiri kuti apange mitundu iwiri ya pores imakhala ndi zotsatira zambiri.Normal kuwotcherera ntchito mfundo kuwotcherera kwa mapangidwe kuwotcherera porosity ndi zotsatira zina, koma kutenga mfundo zoyenera ntchito, kuwotcherera panopa, kuwotcherera voteji ndi pang'ono kwambiri mapangidwe pores mu otsika mpweya zitsulo kuwotcherera.

Mu welding chitsulo chochepa cha carbon, weld fusion zone, inclusions, zidzachititsa kuchepa kwa kulimba kwa chitsulo chowotcherera, kuonjezera chizolowezi chophulika ndi kung'ambika kwa lamellar.Inclusions mu weld makamaka oxides, nitrides ndi sulfides.Oxide inclusions ndi zambiri amakhalapo mu mawonekedwe a silicate, silika;okusayidi inclusions kwaiye makamaka zitsulo zimachitikira chifukwa cha kuwotcherera ndondomeko, ndondomeko kuwotcherera kwenikweni mu zinthu kuwotcherera ndi kusankha zinthu zoyenera chifukwa cha zosayenera kuwotcherera ntchito osakaniza weld okusayidi inclusions ndi pang'ono.Nitride wosanganiza makamaka N mu low-carbon zitsulo kuwotcherera, ndi kuwotcherera Fe4N zitsulo precipitates pa ukalamba, singano ngati mawonekedwe anagawira mu njere kapena malire a tirigu, kuchititsa kuchepa kulimba kwa zitsulo weld.Low mpweya zitsulo kuwotcherera, gwero la nayitrogeni kwa mlengalenga ozungulira, mwachitsanzo kuchokera mlengalenga analowa weld chithaphwi pamene nayitrogeni mpweya unayamba chifukwa inclusions ndi osauka ndondomeko kuwotcherera ndi makamaka chifukwa mapangidwe nitride inclusions.Sulfure sulfide nthawi zambiri imachokera ku zipangizo zowotcherera, monga zokutira ndodo, flux, weld sulfide MnS ndi FeS.Kuphatikizika kwa weld kumapangitsa kupanga kuwotcherera kwenikweni nthawi zambiri: kusankha kwa kuwotcherera kolakwika kapena kosamveka;kuwotcherera mfundo zosayenera, monga kuwotcherera panopa, kuwotcherera voteji zosayenera chifukwa slag n'zovuta kukwera;kuwotcherera ndi kuwotcherera kosiyanasiyana, kuwotcherera silag koyera;kuwotcherera, ngodya ya elekitirodi ndi zoyendera bala zosayenera chitsulo chosungunuka ndi slag kusakaniza pamodzi;ntchito yoteteza dziwe la weld, mpweya wowotcherera woteteza mpweya.

Njira zaukadaulo zopewera kuwonongeka kwa chitoliro chachitsulo chochepa cha carbon chitsulo
Kusankhidwa kwa zida zowotcherera kumakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito ndi kapangidwe ka chitsulo chowotcherera, chomwe chili ndi tanthauzo lofunika kwambiri popewa komanso kuwongolera zolakwika zowotcherera.Zomwe zimapangidwira zimaphatikizirapo mawonekedwe a kuwotcherera, mtundu wa ntchito yamakono ndi kuwotcherera.Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa mphamvu zowotcherera kwa zida zowotcherera ndikofunikira kuti mupewe zolakwika zowotcherera.Kuwotcherera zida m'malo mofulumira kwambiri, chifukwa cha chitukuko mofulumira luso lamagetsi, kuwotcherera gwero la mphamvu ikuchitikanso kusintha kwambiri.Pakuti wamba otsika mpweya zitsulo chitoliro kuwotcherera zipangizo, wamba kuwotcherera zida yomanga.Koma ntchito yabwino ya chipangizo ntchito chifukwa sangathe kunyalanyazidwa.Ayenera kukonzekera wololera malo zida zinthu zalunjika miyeso ndondomeko kuwotcherera.Kuphatikizira zowotcherera, mtundu wamakono, ntchito zowotcherera, groove ndi njira zoyeretsera zosanjikiza.Zowotcherera zimaphatikizanso kuwotcherera panopa, voteji kuwotcherera, liwiro kuwotcherera ndi magawo ena.Kuwotcherera kuyenera kuchitika mwachizolowezi.Pankhani ya kuwotcherera voteji.Kuwotcherera pakali pano kudzachititsa kuwonjezeka kwa kuya kwa malo osambira osungunuka;Pankhani ya kuwotcherera panopa, kuwotcherera voteji kuwonjezeka kuchititsa kuwonjezeka m'lifupi kusamba kusungunuka;koma kuchuluka kwapano.Zotsatira mu arc kusintha zitsulo particles amachepetsa.Chiŵerengero cha padziko ukuwonjezeka, mpweya odzipereka ndi kusintha kwa chitsulo chosungunuka particles Angapo kuchuluka stomatal chizolowezi;Arc voteji chifukwa cha kuchuluka kuwotcherera zoteteza mpweya utachepa, kunja mpweya mosavuta analowa;kuwotcherera liwiro kumawonjezeka, kotero kuti liwiro crystallization ndi kuchuluka, komanso zosavuta kupanga otsalira mpweya Kuwonjezeka chizolowezi chifukwa mabowo zitsulo weld.Choncho, mmene ndingathere kukhala yachibadwa yomanga mfundo zabwino m'badwo wa zolakwika.