Carbon karfe lahani yana faruwa ta hanyar kayan aiki, matakai da ayyuka a cikin tsarin narkewar ƙarfe na carbon da jujjuyawar (ƙirƙira) tsari, gami da tabo, fasa, raguwar saura, shimfidar wuri, farar fata, rarrabuwa, abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba, kamar osteoporosis da banded.

Tabo

Babu tabo da tushe karfe surface weld karfe ko metalloid tabo tubalan.Wasu sassa na jiki suna da alaƙa da tushe, harshe ne;wasu ba su da alaƙa da matrix, scaly.Ƙarshen wani lokaci yana kashewa yayin sarrafawa, samar da ramuka.Karfe (simintin simintin gyaran kafa) da tabo ke haifarwa gabaɗaya yana da ƙananan abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba a bayyane ga ido tsirara.Lalacewar tabo kai tsaye yana shafar inganci da bayyanar kayan aikin ƙarfe.Ba a yarda da tabo a gaban ƙãre karfe.Scarring na iya zama sassa na niƙa don gyara bayan gyaran girman niƙan ƙarfe ya kamata ya dace da daidaitattun buƙatun.

Kara

Kararrakin da aka samu ta hanyar siffa da kuma sunaye dalilai iri-iri, irin su tsagewa, tsage-tsalle, tsagewa, tsagewa, layin gashi, fashe (ƙara mai ƙarfi), rattle (Jiao crack), birgima da tsagewar bifida.Daga yin ƙarfe, mirgina cikin sarrafa ƙarfe kusan kowace hanya tana da abubuwan da ke haifar da fasa.

Rage raguwa

Narkakken ƙarfe yayin ƙarfafawa, saboda raguwar ƙarar da ke cikin ingot ko billet bai cika isasshiyar ɓangaren tsakiya da aka kafa ta hanyar tubular ko ramukan watsawa ba.Kafin sarrafa thermal, saboda yankan kan ya yi ƙanƙanta ko ramuka mai zurfi, yana haifar da resection mara iyaka, ragowar ɓangaren ana kiransa ragowar raguwa.An rarraba ragowar a cikin shrinkage a tsakiyar tsakiyar ingot, kuma abin da aka samu ta saman ana kiransa cratering.

Matsakaici

Daure kuma kar a bayyana akan tsarin Layer biyu na karfen karfe.Stratification gabaɗaya daidai yake da sarrafa matsi na saman, a cikin sashin madaidaiciyar layukan baƙar fata masu ƙanƙanta ƙananan ƙira.Tsage-tsalle masu tsauri sun faru a cikin karaya sun kasance suna da ƙarfe, abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba da kuma abubuwa masu tsauri.Kashe karfe ingot ingot tafasasshen ramuka da ramuka a karshen balloon da birgima (kirji) ba za a iya welded tare don samar da stratification.Manyan haɗe-haɗe a cikin ƙarfe kuma na iya haifar da rarrabuwa mai tsanani.Ba a ba da izinin yin gyare-gyare a cikin lahani na karfe yana tasiri sosai ga amfani da karfe.

Farin Bayani

A kan karfe a tsaye, yanki na gwajin leaching acid, babu wata ka'ida ta layin gashi daban-daban.Yana da ƙananan lokutan a cikin radial na samfurin juzu'i, mai da hankali ko rarraba ba bisa ka'ida ba, tsakiya mai yawa, ko daga saman karfe yana da tazara.Karfe karafa a cikin madaidaici ko a tsaye, madauwari ko farar fata mai santsi.Matsakaicin diamita na 3 ~ 10mm.Karfe farantin a cikin a tsaye, m karaya hali farare spots ba a fili, amma karayar da aka gabatar zuwa tsiri ko m siffar fari spots a z.Lokacin yin amfani da abubuwan binciken karaya, yana da kyau a fara kashe samfuran kuma a kashe.

Warewa

Abubuwan da ba daidai ba na karfe.Wannan al'amari ba kawai na kowa abubuwa (kamar carbon, manganese, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus) m rarraba, amma kuma wadanda ba karfe inclusions da gas rarraba uniformity.Dalilin shi ne cewa segregation tasowa a lokacin solidification na narkakkar karfe, sakamakon lu'ulu'u SEPARATORS.Yawancin lokaci ana danganta shi da matakin rarrabuwa ingot, karfe, narkewa da yanayin aikin simintin.Abubuwan haɗaka, rarrabuwa na ƙazanta da iskar gas, tare da zafin simintin simintin gyare-gyare da saurin jefar, mafi girman matakin rarrabuwa.Ko da karfe ta yin amfani da motsi na lantarki na iya rage girman rarrabuwa.Bugu da ƙari, haɓakar tsaftar ƙarfe shine muhimmin ma'auni don rage rarrabuwa.

Abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba

Karfe yana ƙunshe da ɓangaren ƙarfe da ma'auni daban-daban waɗanda ba ƙarfe ba.Yana lalata ci gaba da abubuwan isotropic na matrix karfe.Bisa ga tushen abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba za a iya raba su zuwa abubuwan da suka haɗa da endogenous, haɗaɗɗen ƙasashen waje da gaurayawan su.Endogenous inclusions ne deoxidation da daban-daban jiki da kuma sinadaran dauki yi ta samuwar lu'ulu'u, yafi karfe oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, a tsakanin sauran aka gyara tare da dauki samfurin.

sako-sako

Ba mai yawa thermal etching sabon abu karfe sashe nama samfurin.Thermal etching a kan karfe giciye-sashe samfurin, akwai da yawa pores da kuma baki specks talla, ma'anar da sabon abu ba m nama, da ake kira sako-sako da lokacin da daya daga cikin wadannan pores da baki specks rarraba a ko'ina cikin sub-gwajin yanki, mayar da hankali a tsakiyar. cibiyar ana kiranta osteoporosis .Thermal etching a cikin tsayin samfurori sun nuna ratsi masu tsayi daban-daban, amma lura da hankali ko kallo tare da gilashin ƙara girma sau 8 zuwa 10, ba tare da zurfin zurfi ba.An lura da rashin ƙarfi ta hanyar duba microscopy na lantarki ko za a iya samun ɗigon dendrites masu nisa ba su da fa'idodin saman lu'ulu'u na ƙarfe.

Banded

Bayan thermal aiki na low-carbon karfe, da microstructure na ferrite da pearlite a layi daya tare da mirgina shugabanci, zone rarraba, kafa karfe banded tsarin.Tsarin banded shine ainihin kayan aikin ƙarfe mara daidaituwa, tasirin tasirin karfe, samar da kayan aiki ga kishiyar jinsi.Banded ƙananan karfe ductility, tauri da raguwa, musamman mafi girma tasiri a kan m inji Properties.