Ngokubanzi, intsimbi yombhobho ibhekiselele kwiikhoyili (imigca yentsimbi) kunye neepleyiti zentsimbi ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa imibhobho edityanisiweyo ye-high-frequency, i-spiral submerged arc welding pipes, kunye nemibhobho edityanisiweyo ye-arc ethe nkqo.

Ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lwezothutho zemibhobho kunye nobubanzi bombhobho, insimbi yepayipi ephezulu yokuqina (X56, X60, X65, X70, njl.) iye yaphuhliswa ngokusekelwe kwintsimbi ephantsi ye-alloy high-forth-strength ukususela ngo-1960. Itekhnoloji yokuqengqeleka. Ngokudibanisa izinto zokulandelela (imali iyonke ayikho ngaphezu kwe-0.2%) efana ne-niobium (Nb), i-vanadium (V), i-titanium (Ti), kunye nezinye izinto ezixutywayo kwintsimbi, kunye nokulawula inkqubo yokuqengqeleka, i-mechanical comprehensive mechanical. iimpawu zentsimbi ziphuculwe kakhulu. Intsimbi yombhobho ophezulu-ubuchwephesha obuphezulu, imveliso eyongeziweyo yexabiso eliphezulu, kwaye ukuveliswa kwayo kusebenza phantse zonke iimpumelelo ezintsha kwiteknoloji yenkqubo kwintsimi ye-metallurgical. Ingabonwa ukuba izinto ezisetyenziswa kwimibhobho yerhasi yendalo ekude imele inqanaba leshishini lesinyithi lelizwe ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.

Imibhobho yegesi yendalo yomgama omde ineengxaki ezifana neendawo zokusebenza ezinzima, iimeko ezinzima ze-geological, imigca emide, ukugcinwa okunzima, kunye nokuthanda ukuphuka kunye nokungaphumeleli. Ke ngoko, intsimbi yombhobho kufuneka ibe neempawu ezintle ezinjengokuqina okuphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukuwelda, ukuchasana nokubanda okukhulu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi, kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka.

Ukukhetha intsimbi yombhobho wokuqina okanye ukwandisa ubukhulu bodonga lwemibhobho yentsimbi kunokwenza imibhobho yerhasi yendalo imelane noxinzelelo oluphezulu lothumelo, ngokwenjenjalo yandisa umthamo wothumelo lwerhasi yendalo. Nangona ixabiso lentsimbi ye-micro-alloy high-high-forty kwimibhobho yentsimbi enobubanzi obufanayo bumalunga ne-5% ukuya kwi-10% ephezulu kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo, ubunzima bombhobho wentsimbi bunokuncitshiswa malunga ne-1/3, inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye ne-welding. kulula, kwaye iindleko zothutho kunye nokubeka nazo ziphantsi. Ukuziqhelanisa kuye kwabonisa ukuba iindleko zokusebenzisa imibhobho yentsimbi yombhobho wamandla aphezulu imalunga ne-1/2 kuphela yeendleko zemibhobho yentsimbi eqhelekileyo enoxinzelelo kunye nobubanzi obufanayo, kwaye udonga lombhobho luncitshisiwe kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuqhekeka kombhobho. kwakhona kuncitshiswe. Ngoko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo kukhethwe ukunyusa amandla ombhobho wensimbi ukwandisa umthamo wepayipi, kunokunyusa ubuninzi bodonga lombhobho wensimbi.

Iimpawu zamandla zentsimbi yombhobho zibandakanya amandla okuqina kunye namandla esivuno. Intsimbi yombhobho enamandla esivuno esiphezulu inokunciphisa ubungakanani bentsimbi esetyenziswa kwimibhobho yerhasi, kodwa amandla emveliso aphezulu kakhulu aya kunciphisa ukuqina kombhobho wentsimbi, okubangela ukuba umbhobho wentsimbi ukrazuke, uqhekeke, njalo njalo, kwaye ubangele iingozi zokhuseleko. Ngelixa ifuna amandla aphezulu, umlinganiselo wamandla esivuno ukuya kumandla okuqina (umlinganiselo wesivuno-amandla) wentsimbi yombhobho kufuneka uqwalaselwe ngokubanzi. Umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wesivuno ukuya kumandla unokuqinisekisa ukuba umbhobho wensimbi unamandla okwaneleyo kunye nokuqina okwaneleyo, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo sombhobho.

Nje ukuba umbhobho werhasi woxinzelelo oluphezulu ugqabhuke kwaye ungaphumeleli, irhasi ecinezelweyo iya kwanda ngokukhawuleza kwaye ikhulule umthamo omkhulu wamandla, okubangela iziphumo ezibi njengokudubula kunye nomlilo. Ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kweengozi ezinjalo, uyilo lombhobho kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo ngononophelo isicwangciso solawulo lokuqhekeka ukusuka kule miba mibini ilandelayo: Okokuqala, umbhobho wentsimbi kufuneka uhlale usebenza kwimeko enzima, oko kukuthi, ubushushu bokutshintsha kwe-ductile-brittle yombhobho kufuneka ngaphantsi kwenkonzo yobushushu obukhoyo bombhobho ukuqinisekisa Akukho zingozi zokwaphuka kwentsimbi ezenzekayo kwimibhobho yentsimbi. Okwesibini, emva kokuphuka kwe-ductile kwenzeka, ukuqhekeka kufuneka kumiswe ngaphakathi kwe-1 ukuya kwi-2 ubude bombhobho ukuphepha ilahleko enkulu ebangelwa ukwanda kwexesha elide lokuqhekeka. Imibhobho yegesi yendalo yomgama omde isebenzisa inkqubo ye-welding ye-girth ukudibanisa imibhobho yentsimbi nganye nganye. Ubume bokwakha obunzima kwintsimi bunempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho we-welding ye-girth, ebangela ukuba kube lula ukuqhekeka kwi-weld, ukunciphisa ukuqina kwe-weld kunye nommandla ochaphazelekayo wokushisa, kunye nokwandisa amathuba okuqhekeka kwemibhobho. Ke ngoko, intsimbi yombhobho ngokwayo inokuwelda okugqwesileyo, okubalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wokuwelda kunye nokhuseleko olupheleleyo lombhobho.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngophuhliso kunye nokumbiwa kwerhasi yendalo ifikelela kwintlango, iintaba, imimandla yencam yomhlaba, kunye neelwandlekazi, imibhobho ekude isoloko idlula kwiindawo ezineemeko ezintsonkothileyo zejoloji kunye nemozulu enje ngeendawo ze-permafrost, iindawo zokudilika komhlaba, kunye nemimandla yenyikima. Ukuthintela imibhobho yentsimbi ukuba ingaguquguquki ngenxa yokuwa komhlaba kunye nokuhamba ngexesha lenkonzo, imibhobho yokuhanjiswa kwerhasi ebekwe kwiindawo ezithandwa ziinyikima kunye neentlekele zejoloji kufuneka isebenzise imibhobho yentsimbi enganyangekiyo kuyilo olusekwe kuyilo oluxhathisa ukonakala okukhulu. Imibhobho engangcwatywayo edlula kwiindawo eziphezulu, imimandla yomhlaba enomkhenkce, imiphakamo ephakamileyo, okanye imimandla yobushushu obuphantsi obuphezulu iphantsi kovavanyo lwengqele ephezulu unyaka wonke. Imibhobho yentsimbi yombhobho enokumelana nokwaphuka kobushushu obuphantsi obuphantsi kufuneka kukhethwe; imibhobho engcwatyiweyo edlakazwe ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye nomhlaba oqhuba kakhulu Kwimibhobho, unyango lokuchasana nomhlwa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemibhobho kufuneka luqiniswe.