Umbhobho Obandayo Otsaliweyo ongenamthungo
I-Cold Drawn ingenamthungo njengoko kuthethwa ngayo yenziwa ngumzobo obandayo umbhobho omkhulu ongenamthungo kamama, oveliswa ngokubanzi ngenkqubo yeHFS.Kwinkqubo ye-Cold Drawn Seamless, umbhobho ongumama utsalwa kwi-die & plug kubanda ngaphandle kokufudumeza.Ngenxa yesixhobo ngaphandle nangaphakathi kumphezulu kunye nokunyamezelana kungcono kwi-Cold Drawn Seamless.Ngelixa le yinkqubo eyongezelelweyo ngaphezulu kwe-HFS, kuyafuneka ukufumana ubungakanani bemibhobho emincinci ngenye indlela engenakwenziwa kwi-HFS.Ezinye izicelo ezifuna unyamezelo olusondeleyo kunye nomgangatho ogudileyo zikwachaza iimfuno ezifunekayo ukuba zibe yi-Cold Drawn Seamless.Imibhobho e-Cold Drawn engenamthungo kunye neetyhubhu zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-Heat-Exchanger, iBearing & Automotive sector.
Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo otsalwa ngokubanda usetyenziselwa ubume bomatshini, izixhobo zehydraulic, ezinobungakanani obuchanekileyo, ukugqiba kakuhle komphezulu. Inokunciphisa kakhulu iyure yokulungisa oomatshini kunye nokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezinto, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho weemveliso.Umgangatho ophezulu wokutsala umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo usetyenziswa ikakhulu 10# 20#.Ukongezelela ekuqinisekiseni ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini, iya kujongwa ngovavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic, i-crimping, i-flared kunye ne-Squashed test.
Isicelo kunye neNkcazo (Ingenamthungo) :
Icandelo le-oyile negesi | |
API | 5L |
API | 5CT |
IS | 1978, 1979 |
Ushishino lweemoto | |
I-ASTM | A-519 |
SAE | 1010, 1012, 1020, 1040, 1518, 4130 |
I-DIN | 2391, 1629 |
BS | 980, 6323 (Pt-V) |
IS | 3601, 3074 |
Ishishini leNkqubo yeHydrocarbon | |
I-ASTM | A-53, A-106, A-333, A-334, A-335, A-519 |
BS | 3602,3603 |
IS | 6286 |
Ukuthwala ishishini | |
SAE | 52100 |
Isilinda seHydraulic | |
SAE | 1026, 1518 |
IS | 6631 |
I-DIN | 1629 |
Ibhoyila, uMtshintshi woBubushushu, iSuperheater & Condenser | |
I-ASTM | A-179, A-192, A-209, A-210, A-213, A-333, A-334, A-556 |
BS | 3059 (Pt-I Pt-II) |
IS | 1914, 2416, 11714 |
I-DIN | 17175 |
Umzila kaloliwe | |
IS | 1239 (Pt-I),1161 |
BS | 980 |
Oomatshini, ubuNjineli boLwakhiwo Jikelele | |
I-ASTM | A-252, A-268, A-269, A-500, A-501, A-519, A-589 |
I-DIN | 1629, 2391 |
BS | 806, 1775, 3601, 6323 |
IS | 1161, 3601 |
Unyango lobushushu lombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo otsalwa ngokubanda:
(1) annealing yentsimbi ebandayo: ibhekisa kwisixhobo sentsimbi sifudunyezwe kwiqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo, ukugcina ixesha elithile, emva koko luphole kancinci inkqubo yonyango lobushushu.Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokuqhobosha zezi: ukubuyisela icrystallization annealing, ukudambisa uxinzelelo, ukufakwa kwebhola, ukufakwa ngokupheleleyo njalo njalo.Injongo ye-annealing: ubukhulu becala ukunciphisa ubunzima bezinto zetsimbi, ukuphucula iplastiki, okanye ukusika ukucutshungulwa kwe-Liqie yoxinzelelo, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo oluseleyo kunye nokuphucula ukufana kwe-microstructure kunye nokubunjwa, unyango lobushushu, emva kokuba kunokwenzeka okanye ukulungiswa kwezicubu.
2℃, emva kwexesha elifanelekileyo lokugcina upholile emoyeni opholileyo kwinkqubo yonyango lobushushu .Injongo ye-normalizing: ngokukodwa ukuphucula iimpawu zemishini ye-carbon steel ephantsi ukuphucula ukunyanzeliswa, ukulungiswa kweenkozo, ukupheliswa kweziphene zezicubu, ukulungiselela unyango lobushushu, emva kokulungiswa kwezicubu.
(3)ukuqina kwentsimbi ebandayo: kubhekiselele kwintsimbi eshushu i-Ac3 okanye i-Ac1 (ubushushu obuphantsi obubalulekileyo bentsimbi) ngaphezu kobushushu obuthile kangangexesha elithile, ngoko izinga lokupholisa elifanelekileyo lokufumana i-martensite (okanye i-shellfish Heat Treatment) umzimba.Inkqubo yokucima ityuwa eqhelekileyo iye yaqina, i-martensitic quenching, i-Austempering, ukuqina komphezulu kunye nokucima inxalenye.Injongo yokucima: ukwenza intsimbi efunekayo ukufumana i-martensite iphucula ubulukhuni bokusebenza, amandla kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, unyango lobushushu, emva kokulungiselela umbutho kunye nokulungiselela.
4Inkqubo yobushushu eqhelekileyo zezi: ukucaphuka, ukuqumbisa, ukucaphuka kunye nokucaphuka okuninzi.Injongo yokufudumala: ubukhulu becala intsimbi isusa uxinzelelo oluveliswa ngexesha lokucima, intsimbi inobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, kodwa ikwaneplastiki efunekayo kunye nokuqina.
5Isetyenziselwa ukucima intsimbi ecinyiweyo kunye nentsimbi epholileyo.Ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisela kwisakhiwo sekhabhoni ye-carbon steel kunye ne-alloy steel.
(6) intsimbi ebandayo yonyango lwekhemikhali yentsimbi: ibhekisa kwintsimbi okanye ialloy workpieces ebekwe kwiqondo lobushushu elingaguqukiyo lobushushu obuphakathi obusebenzayo, ukuze enye okanye izinto ezininzi kumphezulu wayo zitshintshe ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, i-microstructure kunye neempawu zenkqubo yonyango lobushushu. .Inkqubo yonyango yobushushu obuqhelekileyo beekhemikhali zezi: i-carburizing, i-nitriding, i-carbonitriding, ukungena kwe-boron eyenziwe nge-aluminized.Injongo yonyango lwemichiza: Eyona nto iphambili kukuphucula ubulukhuni bentsimbi, ukuxhathisa, ukuxhathisa ukubola, amandla okudinwa kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation.
(7) intsimbi ebandayo etsalwa kunyango lwesisombululo: ukuba ingxubevange ifudunyezwe kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu ummandla wesigaba esinye ukugcina ubushushu obuqhubekayo, ukuze isigaba esingaphezulu sinyibilike ngokupheleleyo kwisisombululo esiluqilima emva kokupholisa ngokukhawuleza, ukuze kudlule i-supersaturated. inkqubo yonyango ubushushu isisombululo esiluqilima.Injongo yonyango lwesisombululo: ngokukodwa ukuphucula i-ductility kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi kunye ne-alloys, ukulungiselela imvula yonyango yokuqina kunye nokunye.
Umbhobho oMthungo ongenamthungo obandayo – oomatshini – BS 6323 iCandelo 4 : 1982 CFS 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
BS 6323 iSigaba 4 : 1982 Ngokuqaqambileyo-njengokutsalwa – CFS 3 BK Annealed – CFS 3 GBK | |||||||||||||||||||
Udonga | 0.71 | 0.81 | 0.91 | 1.22 | 1.42 | 1.63 | 2.03 | 2.34 | 2.64 | 2.95 | 3.25 | 4.06 | 4.76 | 4.88 | 6.35 | 7.94 | 9.53 | 12.70 | |
OD | |||||||||||||||||||
4.76 | |||||||||||||||||||
6.35 | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
7.94 | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
9.53 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||
11.11 | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
12.70 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||
14.29 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||
15.88 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
17.46 | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
19.05 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
20.64 | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
22.22 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||
25.40 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
26.99 | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
28.58 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
30.16 | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
31.75 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
33.34 | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
34.93 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||
38.10 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
39.69 | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
41.28 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
42.86 | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
44.45 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
47.63 | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
50.80 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||
53.98 | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
57.15 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||
60.33 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||
63.50 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||
66.68 | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
69.85 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||
73.02 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
76.20 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
79.38 | X | ||||||||||||||||||
82.55 | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
88.90 | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
95.25 | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
101.60 | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
107.95 | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
114.30 | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
127.00 | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
Umbhobho oMthungo ongenamthungo obandayo – weMechanical |
I-Cold Drawn iThubhu engenamthungo yeHydraulic & Pneumatic Lines – BS 3602 Icandelo 1 CFS Ikati 2 Kungenjalo Din 2391 ST 35.4 NBK | ||||||||||||||||||||
BS 3602 Icandelo 1 CFS Ikati 2 Kungenjalo Din 2391 ST 35.4 NBK | ||||||||||||||||||||
Udonga | 0.91 | 1.00 | 1.22 | 1.42 | 1.50 | 1.63 | 2.00 | 2.03 | 2.50 | 2.64 | 2.95 | 3.00 | 3.25 | 3.66 | 4.00 | 4.06 | 4.88 | 5.00 | 6.00 | |
OD | ||||||||||||||||||||
6.00 | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
6.35 | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
7.94 | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
8.00 | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
9.52 | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
10.00 | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
12.00 | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
12.70 | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
13.50 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
14.00 | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
15.00 | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
15.88 | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
16.00 | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
17.46 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
18.00 | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
19.05 | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
20.00 | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
21.43 | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
22.00 | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
22.22 | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
25.00 | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
25.40 | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
26.99 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
28.00 | x | x | x | X | ||||||||||||||||
30.00 | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
31.75 | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
34.13 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
34.93 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
35.00 | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
38.00 | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
38.10 | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
42.00 | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
44.45 | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
48.42 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
50.00 | X | |||||||||||||||||||
50.80 | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
I-Cold Drawn ityhubhu engenamthungo yeHydraulic & Pneumatic Lines |
I-phosphate coating yokudweba i-tubing ngoku yenziwe ngobunzima be-4-10
g/m².Oku kuye kwaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwonyango lomphezulu kwaye, kwangaxeshanye, kwagwema iziphumo ezibi ezenza kwinqanaba lokuqala lomzobo apho i-coarser-crystalline phosphate coating ifumaneka khona.I-coatingis efanelekileyo kakhulu isekelwe kwi-nitrate / nitrite i-zinc hosphate ekhawulezayo, eyenziwe kwi-40-75°C. Kwisiphelo esiphezulu solu luhlu lobushushu, ukhetho lukhona lokusebenzisa iinkqubo zohlobo lwe-nitrate yokuzidosa.Iibhafu ze-chlorate ezikhawulezayo ze-zinc phosphate nazo ziyafumaneka.Kuzo zonke iimeko, uhlobo olukhethiweyo lwe-phosphate yomzobo obandayo wetyhubhu kunye necandelo libambelela ngokuqinileyo kodwa lithambile.Kumzobo we-tubing edibeneyo, i-seam kufuneka iqale ibe phantsi.Kwimeko ye-diameter tubing encinci, oku akunakwenzeka ngaphakathi kumatshini we-welding.Kwezinye iimeko, kunokubakho i-deformation ukunika i-cross-section ethile.Ekubeni, njengomthetho, ukuguqulwa okungaphantsi kobunzima kunokunyamezela nge-welded, ngokuchaseneyo
iityhubhu engenamthungo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-phosphating kuxhaphakile, iintsimbi zokugquma zinomyalelo we-1.5 - 5 g/m².Ezi ikakhulu zisekelwe kwiibhafu ze-zinc phosphate ezisebenza phakathi kwama-50 kunye nama-75°I-C enezongezo ezisetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza iingubo ezincinci.I-Phosphating iphinda isetyenziswe kwi-tubing ye-un-alloyed okanye i-low-alloyed steel kunye nomxholo we-chromium ukuya kwi-4-6%.Ezo zogquma zinika inani leenzuzo, zonke ezivela kwintsimbi encitshisiweyo ukuya- ukudibana kwesinyithi phakathi kweetyhubhu kunye nokufa.Ngaloo ndlela, umonakalo we-welding obandayo, okhokelela kwi-grooving okanye i-crack formation, iyancitshiswa, isixhobo kunye nobomi bokufa kwandiswa kwaye amazinga aphezulu okudweba angasetyenziswa.I-Zinc phosphate coating ikwavumela iqondo elikhulu lokunciphisa ngokupasa.
Unyango lomphezulu lwenziwa ngokuntywiliselwa ngale migca ilandelayo:
•Ukukhutshwa kwealkaline.
•Ukuhlamba ngamanzi.
•Ukuvuthwa kwi-sulfuric okanye i-hydrochloric acid.
•Ukuhlamba ngamanzi.
•I-Neutralizing pre-rinse.
•I-Phosphating.
•Ukuhlamba ngamanzi
•I-rinse engathathi hlangothi.
•Ukuthambisa.
•Ukomisa kunye nokugcinwa.