Ukuweldayinkqubo yokudibanisa iziqwenga ezibini zetsimbi ngenxa yokusasazwa okubalulekileyo kwee-athomu zamaqhekeza adityanisiweyo kwindawo edibeneyo (i-weld) yokudibanisa. impahla) okanye ngokufaka uxinzelelo kwiziqwenga kwindawo ebandayo okanye eshushu.Kukho ulwahlulo lwenkqubo ye-welding:

1.Root welding

Injongo ye-welding ephantsi kwimibhobho yomgama omde kukusebenzisa iinkcukacha ze-welding ezinkulu kunye nokusetyenziswa okuncinci kwe-welding ukuze kuphunyezwe ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko, kwaye abashicileli abaninzi basasebenzisa imibhobho yesintu enezikhewu ezinkulu kunye ne-blunts encinci ye-welding yonke. . Asiyonzululwazi kwaye ayinaqoqosho ukusebenzisa iparamitha yongqameko yongqameko njengobuchule bokuwelda ezantsi kumbhobho. Iiparameters ezinjalo ezihambelanayo azigcini nje ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa okungeyomfuneko kwe-welding consumables, kodwa zandisa amathuba okuba neziphene ze-welding njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwe-welding consumables kwanda. Ngaphezu koko, ukulungiswa kweziphene zeengcambu kunzima ngakumbi kuneziphene ezenziwe ekuzaliseni indawo yokugubungela, ngoko ke ukukhethwa kweeparamitha ze-welding yengcambu kubaluleke kakhulu, i-gap ngokubanzi iphakathi kwe-1.2-1.6mm, kwaye i-edge e-blunt iphakathi kwe-1.5- 2.0mm.

Xa usenza i-root welding, i-electrode iyadingeka ukuba yenze i-angle ye-90 degrees kunye ne-axis yombhobho kunye nokukhomba kwi-axis. Ukuma kwe-electrode echanekileyo ngundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukubunjwa komqolo we-weld weld, ngokukodwa ekuqinisekiseni ukuba i-root weld bead ibekwe kumbindi we-weld kwaye ikhutshwe Bite kwaye icala elinye alizange lingene ngokupheleleyo. Xa i-angle ye-longitudinal ye-electrode ilungiswa, ukukwazi ukungena kwe-electrode kunokutshintshwa. Ekubeni ngokuqhelekileyo akunakwenzeka ukufumana i-gap ye-groove epheleleyo kunye nomphetho onqabileyo, i-welder kufuneka ifuneke ukuba ilungelelanise i-arc ngokulungelelanisa i-angle ye-longitudinal ye-electrode. Amandla okungena ukulungelelanisa kwi-groove edibeneyo kunye nesikhundla se-welding. I-electrode kufuneka igcinwe phakathi kwendawo edibeneyo, ngaphandle kokuba i-arc ibetha. I-welder inokuphelisa ukuvuthela kwe-arc ngokulungelelanisa i-angle phakathi kwe-electrode kunye ne-axis yombhobho kunye nokugcina i-arc imfutshane, ngaphandle koko ingaphakathi le-groove yecala elilodwa apho i-arc ivuthela iya kuluma ngaphakathi, kwaye elinye icala aliyi kuluma. zingenwe ngokupheleleyo.

Ukulawula i-weld bead pool etyhidiweyo, ukuze ufumane i-weld bead yengcambu eyakheke kakuhle, uhlale ugcina encinci ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding yengcambu. Idama elityhidiweyo elibonakalayo lingundoqo. Ukuba idama elinyibilikisiweyo liba likhulu kakhulu, liya kubangela ngoko nangoko i-Internal Bite okanye litshise. Ngokubanzi, ubungakanani bedama elinyibilikisiweyo buyi-3.2mm ubude. Emva kokuba utshintsho oluncinci kwisayizi yedama elityhidiweyo lifunyenwe, kuyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa ngokukhawuleza i-angle ye-electrode, yangoku kunye namanye amanyathelo okugcina ubungakanani obufanelekileyo be-pool etyhidiweyo.

Guqula ezinye izinto ezinempembelelo ukuphelisa iziphene

Ukucoceka kweengcambu zengcambu ngundoqo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho we-welding yeengcambu kwi-weld yonke. Inqaku eliphambili lokucocwa kweengcambu ze-welding kukucima i-convex weld bead kunye nomzila kaloliwe. Ukuba ukucocwa kweengcambu kuninzi, kuya kubangela ukuba i-welding yeengcambu ibe yincinci kakhulu, elula ngexesha lokutshisa i-welding. Ukuba ukutshisa kwenzeka kwaye ukucocwa akwanelanga, ukufakwa kwe-slag kunye nama-pores kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke. Ukucoca ingcambu, sebenzisa ivili lokusila elingu-4.0mm elingqindilili. Abashicileli bethu badla ngokuthanda ukusebenzisa i-1.5 okanye i-2.0mm iidiski zokusika ezihlaziyiweyo njengezixhobo zokususa i-welding slag, kodwa i-1.5 okanye i-2.0mm yokusika iidiski zihlala zithandeka kwi-grooves enzulu, okuya kubangela ukudityaniswa okungaphelelanga okanye ukufakwa kwe-slag kwinkqubo ye-welding elandelayo, kubangele rework, Kwangaxeshanye, ilahleko ye-slag kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokususwa kwe-slag ye-1.5 okanye i-2.0mm yokusika iidiski azilunganga njenge-4.0mm eshinyeneyo yeediski zokusila. Ngeemfuno zokususa, imizila kaloliwe kufuneka isuswe, kwaye umva wentlanzi kufuneka ulungiswe ukuba uphantse ube mcaba okanye ube mcaba kancinane.

2.I-welding eshushu

I-welding eshushu inokuqhutywa kuphela phantsi kwesiseko sokucoca i-welding ye-root ukuqinisekisa umgangatho, ngokuqhelekileyo umsantsa phakathi kwe-welding eshushu kunye ne-root welding ayikwazi ukuba ngaphezu kwe-5min. I-welding yokukhusela i-semi-automatic ngokuqhelekileyo ithatha i-angle elandelwayo ye-5 degrees ukuya kwi-15 degrees, kwaye i-welding wire yenza i-angle ye-90 degrees kunye ne-axis yokulawula. Umgaqo we-weld bead eshushu akukona ukwenza okanye ukwenza iincinci ezincinci ze-lateral swings. Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokuqinisekisa ukuba i-arc ibekwe phambi kwechibi elityhidiweyo, yehla kunye nedama elityhidiweyo ngentsimbi yesi-4 ukuya kweyesi-6; isikhundla ukusuka kwi-8 ukuya kwintsimbi yesi-6 kufuneka siqhutywe ngokufanelekileyo. Jiwunga ecaleni ukunqanda i-weld bead evele ngaphezulu kwindawo yokuwelda ngaphezulu.

Ukususwa kwe-arc yokuqalisa kunye nokuvala imingxunya yomoya, unokunqumama kwindawo yokuqala ukuququzelela irhasi edadayo ngaphandle kwechibi elinyibilikisiweyo, okanye usebenzise i-arc eqengqelekayo ukuqala kunye nokuvala i-arcs yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokusombulula i-arc yokuqala kunye nokuvala umoya. imingxunya; Emva kokugqiba, sebenzisa ivili lokusila elibubude obuyi-4.0mm ukukhupha iliso leconvex.

Ukuba i-welding ye-root itshiswe ngexesha le-welding eshushu, i-welding ye-automatic yokukhusela akufanele isetyenziselwe ukulungiswa, ngaphandle koko ii-pores ezixineneyo ziya kubonakala kwi-weld yokulungisa. Inkqubo echanekileyo kukumisa i-semi-automatic ukuwelda ngoko nangoko xa ifunyaniswa ukuba itshiswe, kwaye ukugaya i-weld yengcambu itshiswe, ngakumbi iziphelo ezimbini zokutshisa zibe yinguqu ethambileyo yethambeka, ngokutsho kwe-welding yeengcambu. Iimfuno zenkqubo, sebenzisa i-electrode ye-cellulose ye-manual ukutshisa itshiswe nge-Welding yokulungisa i-welding, kwaye ulinde ubushushu bomthungo we-welding kwindawo yokulungisa i-welding yehle ukuya kwii-degrees ezili-100 ukuya kwii-degrees ezingama-120, kwaye uqhubeke ukuwelda ngokwe-semi yesiqhelo eshushu. -inkqubo ye-welding yokukhusela ngokuzenzekelayo.

Umgaqo wokukhetha iiparamitha zenkqubo yentsimbi eshushu usekwe kumgaqo wokuba i-root weld bead ayitshiswanga. Isantya sesondlo socingo oluphezulu kunye nombane welding ehambelana nesantya sokutya kweengcingo zisetyenziswa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Iinzuzo zezi: i-welding ephezulu inokufumaneka Isantya, isantya esiphezulu sokutya kocingo sinokufumana ubunzulu bokungena okukhulu, kunye nombane omkhulu we-arc unokufumana ichibi elinyibilikisiweyo elibanzi, elinokwenza i-slag eseleyo emva kokuba i-weld idlulile, ngakumbi efihliweyo. i-slag inyibilika kumgca we-rut we-weld pass yengcambu Phuma, dada ukuya kumphezulu wedama elinyibilikisiweyo, kwaye ungafumana i-concave weld bead, unciphisa ubunzulu bomsebenzi wokususwa kwe-weld bead slag eshushu.

Ngokomgaqo, ukukhutshwa kwe-slag ye-bead eshushu kufuna ivili locingo ukususa i-slag, kwaye i-slag engenakususwa ngokuyinxenye ifuna ukuba ivili lokugaya lisuswe. Inxalenye convex bead ifuna 4.0mm angqindilili disc-ezimilise ivili lokusila ukususa inxalenye ephumayo (ikakhulu kwenzeka 5: 30-6: 30 isikhundla ntsimbi), kungenjalo kulula ukuvelisa cylindrical pores Ukuwelda slag akuvumelekanga kwi weld. i-bead, ngenxa yokuba ubukho be-slag ye-welding buya kuchaphazela ukuqhutyelwa kombane kwi-arc yokuzalisa, kubangele ukuphazamiseka kwe-arc kwangoko kunye nokwakhiwa kwee-pores ezixineneyo zendawo.

3.Gcwalisa i-welding

Ukuzalisa i-weld bead inokuqhutywa kuphela phantsi kwesiseko sokuqinisekisa umgangatho we-welding we-bead eshushu. Iimfuno ze-welding ze-welding filler zifana ngokusisiseko naleyo ye-welding eshushu. Emva kokuba i-bead yokuzalisa igqityiwe, kufuneka ukuba i-welding yokuzaliswa ibe ngama-2 ukuya kwamanqaku angama-4 kunye namanqaku angama-8 ukuya kwe-10 ngokusisiseko ahlanjululwe ngesiseko sentsimbi, kwaye umda oseleyo we-groove awufanele udlule kwi-1.5mm kwinqanaba eliphezulu. , ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-welding ye-cover surface imile. Akuyi kubakho porosity kwindawo okanye ngaphantsi kwesiseko sezinto eziphathekayo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuzaliswa kwe-welding kuyafuneka ukuba ungeze i-welding yokugcwalisa ngokuthe nkqo. Ukuzaliswa ngokuthe nkqo kwe-welding kuphela xa i-bead yokuzalisa iphakathi kwe-2-4 yentsimbi kunye ne-10-8 yentsimbi. Xa i-welding yokuzaliswa igqityiwe, indawo yokuzaliswa ihluke kakhulu kwi-groove surface kwisithuba esingentla, njengesigqubuthelo esithe ngqo, gcwalisa i-bead Emva koko, xa i-welding seam surface iphantsi kunesiseko sezinto ezisisiseko kwindawo engentla, i-welding yokuzalisa ngokuthe nkqo yongezwa. I-welding yokuzalisa i-vertical kufuneka igqitywe kanye emva kokuqala i-arc, kwaye i-arc mayingaphazanyiswa ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding, kuba i-welding edibeneyo kule ndawo ixhomekeke kwi-porosity edibeneyo. I-welding ye-filler ethe nkqo ayidli ngokujikela ecaleni kwaye yehla kunye nedama elinyibilikisiweyo. I-convex kancinane okanye i-flat filler ye-bead surface inokufumaneka kwindawo ye-welding ethe nkqo. Oku kunokunqanda ukumila kwe-concave ye-weld surface ye-cover surface kunye nombindi we-weld bead ibe ngaphantsi kunesiseko sesinyithi. Umgaqo wokukhetha iiparamitha zenkqubo ye-welding yokuzaliswa ngokuthe nkqo kwe-welding yi-welding ephezulu yesantya sokutya kunye ne-voltage ye-welding ephantsi, enokuthintela ukwenzeka kwe-porosity.

4.Ikhava i-welding

Kuphela phantsi kwesiseko sokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokuzalisa i-welding, ngaba i-welding surface cover ingenziwa. Ngenxa yobuchule obuphezulu bokubekwa kwe-welding ye-semi-automatic ye-welding, ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekukhethweni kweeparamitha zenkqubo ye-welding xa i-welding surface cover. Isitshixo ekukhethweni kweeparamitha zenkqubo sisantya sokutya kocingo, i-voltage, i-angle yokulandela, i-elongation eyomileyo kunye nesantya se-welding. Ukuze uthintele imingxuma evuthelayo, isantya esiphezulu sokutya kocingo, amandla ombane asezantsi (malunga nevolthi enye esezantsi kunombane ohambelana nesantya sesiqhelo socingo), ukomelela okude okomileyo, kunye nesantya sokuwelda ukuqinisekisa i-arc ye-welding Soloko uphambi kwayo. ichibi lokuwelda. Ngentsimbi yesi-5 ukuya kweyesi-6, ngentsimbi yesi-7 ukuya kweyesi-6, ukunyuswa okomileyo kunokongezwa ukutyhala ukuwelda, ukuze kufunyanwe umaleko obhityileyo wentsimbi ukuthintela ukuphakama okungaphezulu kwindawo yokuwelda ngasemva. yentsimbi. Ukuze kupheliswe imingxunya ye-welding ebangelwa yi-welding yesigqubuthelo kwindawo yokunyuka kunye ne-vertical welding parts, ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa inxalenye ye-welding ethe nkqo ngexesha elinye. Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuvelisa amajoyina adibeneyo nge-2: 00-4:30, 10 o'clock-8:30. , Ukuze ugweme ukubunjwa kwe-stomata. Ukuze uthintele ukwenzeka kwemingxuma yomoya kwiindawo zokuhlangana kweendawo ezinyukayo, i-welding seam phakathi kwe-4: 30 kunye ne-6 ntsimbi, i-8: 30 kunye ne-6 ntsimbi, kunye ne-12 o'clock-4:30 intsimbi kunye nentsimbi ye-12 i-weld phakathi kwentsimbi kunye nesiqingatha sentsimbi yesibhozo intsimbi inokuphepha ngokufanelekileyo ukwenzeka kwemingxuma yomoya kwiindawo ezidibeneyo zokunyuka kwe-slope. Iiparamitha zenkqubo ye-welding ye-welding cover ifana ne-welding eshushu, kodwa isantya sokutya kweengcingo siphezulu kancinane.

5.Semi-automatic welding control of welding defects

Isitshixo ekusebenzeni kwe-semi-automatic protection welding kukusebenzisa imeko. Ngalo lonke ixesha gcina i-arc ye-welding phambi kwe-welding pool ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding kwaye umaleko obhityileyo okhawulezayo we-multi-pass welding ngundoqo wokoyisa zonke iziphene ze-welding. Gwema ubunzima bokufumana ubukhulu obukhulu be-weld-pass kwaye ubeke ingqalelo ukuzinza kwenkqubo ye-welding. Umgangatho welding ubukhulu becala inxulumene iparameters inkqubo welding ezintlanu of isantya feed wire, ivoltage welding, elongation owomileyo, i-engile trailing, welding isantya sokuhamba. Guqula nayiphi na enye, kwaye iiparamitha ezine eziseleyo kufuneka zenziwe. Lungisa ngokufanelekileyo.