I-steel plate delamination kunye ne-brittle brittle cracking ebandayo emva kokusika umlilo wentsimbi kunye ne-welding ngokubanzi inombonakaliso ofanayo, zombini ezi zintanda phakathi kwepleyiti. Ngokombono wokusetyenziswa, i-delaminated steel plate kufuneka isuswe. I-delamination yonke kufuneka isuswe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye i-delamination yendawo inokususwa kwindawo. Ukuqhekeka okubandayo kwentsimbi yentsimbi kubonakala njengokuqhekeka phakathi, abathi abanye abantu babize "ukuqhekeka". Ukuze kube lula ukuhlalutya, kulungele ngakumbi ukuyichaza ngokuthi "i-cold brittle cracking". Esi siphene sinokunyangwa ngamanyathelo okulungisa kunye neteknoloji ye-welding efanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuchithwa.

1. Ipleyiti yentsimbi delamination
I-Delamination yi-gap yendawo kwi-cross-section ye-steel plate (i-billet), eyenza i-cross-section ye-steel plate ibe yindawo yendawo. Kusisiphene esibulalayo kwintsimbi. Intsimbi yensimbi akufanele ihlanjululwe, jonga uMzobo 1. I-Delamination ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-interlayer kunye ne-delamination, okuyisiphako sangaphakathi sensimbi. I-Bubbles kwi-ingot (i-billet), i-inclusions enkulu ye-non-metallic, i-residual shrinkage cavities engasuswanga ngokupheleleyo okanye ukugoqa, kunye nokwahlula okunzima kunokubangela ukuba i-stratification yensimbi, kunye neenkqubo zokunciphisa ngokungenangqiqo zingenza kube nzima ukuhluthwa.

2. Iindidi ze-steel plate stratification
Ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu, i-stratification izibonakalisa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye neefom. Ezinye zifihliwe ngaphakathi kwentsimbi, kwaye umgangatho wangaphakathi uhambelana okanye uhambelana kakhulu nentsimbi; ezinye zandisa kumphezulu wentsimbi kwaye zenze i-groove-efana neziphene zomhlaba kwintsimbi. Ngokubanzi, kukho iindlela ezimbini:
Eyokuqala yi-stratification evulekileyo. Esi siphene se-stratification sinokufumaneka kwi-macroscopically kwi-fracture yensimbi, kwaye ngokubanzi ingaphinda ihlolwe kwizityalo zetsimbi kunye nezityalo zokuvelisa.
Eyesibini ivaliwe stratification. Esi siphene se-stratification asikwazi ukubonwa kwi-fracture yensimbi, kwaye kunzima ukuyifumana kwisityalo sokuvelisa ngaphandle kwe-100% yokufumanisa impazamo ye-ultrasonic yeplate yensimbi nganye. I-stratification evaliweyo ngaphakathi kwentsimbi yentsimbi. Esi siphene sokuhlelwa ngokwestrat siziswa sisuka kumnyibilikisi ukuya kumzi-mveliso wokuvelisa kwaye ekugqibeleni sigqitywe ekubeni yimveliso ukuze ithunyelwe.
Ubukho beziphene ze-delamination kunciphisa ubukhulu obusebenzayo bentsimbi yentsimbi kwindawo ye-delamination ukuthwala umthwalo kunye nokunciphisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kwicala elifanayo ne-delamination. Ubume bomda besiphako se-delamination bubukhali, obunovelwano kakhulu kuxinzelelo kwaye kuya kubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu. Ukuba kukho ukulayishwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukukhulula, ukufudumeza, kunye nokupholisa ngexesha lokusebenza, uxinzelelo olukhulu olutshintshisayo luya kwenziwa kwindawo yoxinzelelo, okubangela ukukhathala koxinzelelo.

3. Indlela yokuvavanya iintanda ezibandayo
3.1 Indlela yekhabhoni elinganayo-uvavanyo lokuthambekela kokuqhekeka okubandayo kwentsimbi
Ekubeni ukuthambekela kokuqina kunye nokubanda kwe-crack yendawo echaphazelekayo yokushisa i-welding inxulumene nokwakhiwa kweekhemikhali zensimbi, ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ngokungathanga ngqo uvakalelo lweentanda ezibandayo kwintsimbi. Umxholo wezinto ze-alloy kwintsimbi uguqulwa ube ngumxholo olinganayo wekhabhoni ngokomsebenzi wayo, osetyenziswa njengesalathisi separameter yokuvavanya ngokuthe ngqo ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okubandayo kwentsimbi, okuyindlela elinganayo yekhabhoni. Kwindlela elinganayo yekhabhoni yensimbi ephantsi, i-International Institute of Welding (IIW) incoma ifomula: Ceq (IIW) = C + Mn / 6 + (Cr + Mo + V) / 5 + (Ni + Cu)/ 15. Ngokutsho kwefomula, ixabiso elilinganayo lekhabhoni, ubukhulu becala ukuqina kwentsimbi edibeneyo, kwaye kulula ukuvelisa iintanda ezibandayo kwindawo echaphazelekayo ukushisa. Ngoko ke, i-carbon equivalent ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya i-weldability yentsimbi, kwaye iimeko zenkqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokuthintela ukuqhekeka kwe-welding zingacetyiswa ngokuhambelana ne-weldability. Xa usebenzisa ifomyula ekhuthazwa yi-International Institute, ukuba i-Ceq(IIW)＜0.4%, ukuthambekela kokuqina akukukhulu, i-weldability ilungile, kwaye i-preheating ayifuni phambi kwe-welding; ukuba i-Ceq (IIW)＝0.4%～0.6%, ngakumbi xa ingaphezulu kwe-0.5%, intsimbi kulula ukuyiqinisa. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-weldability iyancipha, kwaye ukushisa kwangaphambili kuyafuneka ngexesha le-welding ukukhusela iintanda ze-welding. Ubushushu be-preheating kufuneka bonyuswe ngokufanelekileyo njengoko ubukhulu beplate bukhula.
3.2 Ukuwelda isalathiso sobuntununtunu bokuqhekeka okubandayo
Ukongeza ekubunjweni kweekhemikhali, izizathu zokuqhekeka okubandayo kwi-low-alloy high-strength steel welding ziquka umxholo we-hydrogen edibeneyo kwintsimbi egciniweyo, ukunyanzeliswa kwengcinezelo yokudibanisa, njl njl. Ito et al. yaseJapan iqhube iimvavanyo ezininzi kwiintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 zentsimbi isebenzisa uvavanyo lwentsimbi yophando lwentsimbi emilise uY kunye neefomyula ezicetywayo ezifana nesalathiso sobuntununtunu bokuqhekeka okubandayo okusekwe kukwakheka kweekhemikhali, i-hydrogen edibeneyo, kunye noxinzelelo (okanye ubukhulu bepleyiti) , kwaye wasebenzisa isalathiso sobuntununtunu becrack ebandayo ukumisela iqondo lobushushu elifunekayo phambi kokuba litshise ukuthintela iintanda ezibandayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba le fomyula ilandelayo ingasetyenziselwa intsimbi ephantsi-i-alloy ephezulu kunye ne-carbon content engekho ngaphezu kwe-0.16% kunye ne-tensile yamandla ye-400-900MPa. Pcm=C+Si/30+Mn/20+Cu/20+Ni/60+Cr/20+Mo/15+V/10+5B (%);
I-Pc=Pcm+[H]/60+t/600 (%)
Ukuya ku=1440Pc-392 (℃)
Apho: [H]——Isiqulatho se-hydrogen eDiffusible yentsimbi egciniweyo elinganiswa ngomgangatho waseJapan JIS 3113 (ml/100g); t——Ubukhulu bepleyiti (mm); Uku——Ubuncinane bobushushu bokufudumeza phambi kwe-welding (℃).
Bala welding ebandayo crack uvakalelo isalathiso Pc ipleyiti yentsimbi le ubungqingqwa, kunye nobushushu preheating ubuncinane Ukuze phambi kokuqhekeka. Xa isiphumo sokubala To≥50℃, ipleyiti yentsimbi inovakalelo oluthile lwewelding ebandayo yokuqhekeka kwaye kufuneka ifudunyezwe.

4. Ukulungiswa kwe-brittle ebandayo "i-cracking" yamacandelo amakhulu
Emva kokuba i-welding plate yensimbi igqityiwe, inxalenye yentsimbi yentsimbi iyaqhekeka, ebizwa ngokuba yi "delamination". Jonga uMfanekiso 2 apha ngezantsi malunga ne-morphology yokuqhekeka. Iingcali ze-Welding zikholelwa ukuba kufaneleka ngakumbi ukuchaza inkqubo yokulungisa "njengenkqubo yokulungisa i-welding ye-Z-direction cracks kwiiplate zetsimbi". Ekubeni icandelo likhulu, ngumsebenzi omningi ukususa ipleyiti yensimbi, kwaye emva koko weld kwakhona. Ilungu lilonke liya konakala, kwaye lonke icandelo liya kuchithwa, nto leyo eya kubangela ilahleko enkulu.
4.1. Izizathu kunye namanyathelo okuthintela ukuqhekeka kwe-Z-direction
Ukuqhekeka kwe-Z okubangelwa kukusika kunye ne-welding kukuqhekeka okubandayo. Okukhona ukuqina kunye nobukhulu bepleyiti yentsimbi, kokukhona kuphezulu amathuba okuqhekeka kolwalathiso lweZ. Indlela yokuphepha ukwenzeka kwayo, indlela engcono kakhulu yokushisa ngaphambi kokusika kunye ne-welding, kwaye ukushisa kwangaphambili kuxhomekeke kwibakala kunye nobukhulu beplate yensimbi. Ukushisa kwangaphambili kunokwenziwa ngokusika imipu kunye neepads zokufudumeza ze-elektroniki, kwaye ubushushu obufunekayo kufuneka bulinganiswe ngasemva kwendawo yokufudumala. (Qaphela: Yonke icandelo lokusika i-plate yensimbi kufuneka litshiswe ngokulinganayo ukuphepha ukushisa kwendawo kwindawo edibanisa nomthombo wokushisa) Ukufudumala kwangaphambili kunokunciphisa amathuba okuqhekeka kwe-Z okubangelwa ukusika kunye ne-welding.
① Kuqala sebenzisa i-engile grinder ukucola intanda ide ingabonakali, fudumeza indawo ejikeleze i-welding yokulungisa ukuya malunga ne-100℃, emva koko usebenzise i-CO2 welding (yeyona nto ingcono). Emva kokuba udibanise umaleko wokuqala, cofa ngokukhawuleza i-weld ngehamile yekhoni, kwaye emva koko udibanise amaleko alandelayo, kwaye ucofe i-weld ngehamile emva komgangatho ngamnye. Qinisekisa ukuba ubushushu be-interlayer yi-≤200℃.
② Ukuba ukuqhekeka kunzulu, fudumeza indawo ejikeleze i-weld yokulungisa ukuya malunga ne-100 ℃, sebenzisa ngokukhawuleza i-carbon arc air planer ukucoca ingcambu, kwaye usebenzise i-angle grinder ukugaya de kube kukhanya kwentsimbi kubonakaliswe (ukuba ubushushu bokushisa I weld yokulungisa ingaphantsi kwe 100℃, tshisa kwakhona) kwaye ke weld.
③ Emva kwe-welding, sebenzisa uboya be-aluminium silicate okanye i-asbestos ukugquma i-weld ngeeyure ezi-≥2.
④ Ngezizathu zokhuseleko, yenza ubhaqo lwe-ultrasonic flaw kwindawo elungisiweyo.